Chart 4.3. – Additional cardiovascular risk factors.

Age (women > 65 years old and men > 55 years old)
Smoking
Dyslipidemia: fasting triglycerides (TG) > 150 mg/dL; LDL-c > 100 mg/dL; HDL-c < 40 mg/dL
Confirmed diabetes mellitus (DM) (fasting plasma glucose of at least 8 hours ≥ 126 mg/dL, random blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) or pre-diabetes (fasting plasma glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dL or HbA1c from 5.7 to 6.4%)
Family history of premature CVD: in women < 65 and men < 55
Pulse pressure in older adults (PP = SBP – DBP) > 65 mm Hg
Abnormal ABI or PWV
Past pathological history of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia
Central obesity: BMI < 24.9 Kg/m 2 (normal); from 25 to 29.9 Kg/m 2 (overweight); > 30 Kg/m 2 (obesity)
Waist-hip ratio (WHR)
Abdominal circumference = women < 88 cm and men < 102 cm Waist: C = at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest Hip H = at the level of the greater trochanter Calculation (WHR) = women: WHR ≤ 0.85; men: WHR ≤ 0.95
Metabolic syndrome profile

ABI: ankle-brachial index; BMI: body mass index; H: hip; PP: pulse pressure; W: waist; WHR: waist-hip ratio.