TABLE 1. Characteristics of children aged 3–5 years with symptoms of COVID-19–like illness and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test results — Increasing Community Access to Testing program, United States, July 4, 2022–February 5, 2023.
| Characteristic | No. (column %) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderna analyses* |
Pfizer-BioNTech analyses† |
|||
| SARS-CoV-2 test result |
SARS-CoV-2 test result |
|||
| Positive (case-patients) (n = 9,807) | Negative (control-patients) (n = 27,203) | Positive (case-patients) (n = 6,517) | Negative (control-patients) (n = 17,577) | |
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| 3 |
2,609 (27) |
7,052 (26) |
2,636 (40) |
7,022 (40) |
| 4 |
3,837 (39) |
10,449 (38) |
3,881 (60) |
10,555 (60) |
| 5 |
3,361 (34) |
9,702 (36) |
NA |
NA |
|
Gender
| ||||
| Female |
4,950 (50) |
13,863 (51) |
3,260 (50) |
8,914 (51) |
| Male |
4,817 (49) |
13,162 (48) |
3,230 (50) |
8,550 (49) |
| Other |
40 (0.4) |
178 (1) |
27 (0.4) |
113 (1) |
|
Race and ethnicity
§
| ||||
| Black or African American, NH |
2,075 (21) |
5,167 (19) |
1,352 (21) |
3,373 (19) |
| Hispanic or Latino |
2,960 (30) |
7,140 (26) |
1,965 (30) |
4,492 (26) |
| White, NH |
2,519 (26) |
8,414 (31) |
1,605 (25) |
5,411 (31) |
| Other, NH |
1,526 (16) |
4,239 (16) |
1,107 (17) |
2,842 (16) |
| Unknown |
727 (7) |
2,243 (8) |
488 (7) |
1,459 (8) |
|
HHS testing site region
¶
| ||||
| Region 1 |
393 (4) |
1,703 (6) |
266 (4) |
1,173 (7) |
| Region 2 |
631 (6) |
2,360 (9) |
458 (7) |
1,606 (9) |
| Region 3 |
685 (7) |
2,106 (8) |
473 (7) |
1,439 (8) |
| Region 4 |
2,718 (28) |
7,469 (27) |
1,753 (27) |
4,654 (26) |
| Region 5 |
1,369 (14) |
4,264 (16) |
921 (14) |
2,735 (16) |
| Region 6 |
2,084 (21) |
4,297 (16) |
1,343 (21) |
2,774 (16) |
| Region 7 |
225 (2) |
621 (2) |
141 (2) |
422 (2) |
| Region 8 |
118 (1) |
316 (1) |
77 (1) |
203 (1) |
| Region 9 |
1,489 (15) |
3,678 (14) |
1,023 (16) |
2,325 (13) |
| Region 10 |
95 (1) |
389 (1) |
62 (1) |
246 (1) |
|
SVI, mean (SD)**
|
0.6 (0.3) |
0.5 (0.3) |
0.6 (0.3) |
0.5 (0.3) |
|
Period
| ||||
| Jul 4–Jul 31, 2022 |
3,885 (40) |
6,330 (23) |
2,626 (40) |
4,253 (24) |
| Aug 1–Sep 18, 2022 |
3,839 (39) |
9,588 (35) |
2,501 (38) |
6,198 (35) |
| Sep 19–Nov 30, 2022 |
1,083 (11) |
7,500 (28) |
765 (12) |
4,805 (27) |
| Dec 1, 2022–Feb 5, 2023 |
1,000 (10) |
3,785 (14) |
625 (10) |
2,321 (13) |
|
Caregiver-reported history of SARS-CoV-2 positive test result for child
| ||||
| None |
8,662 (88) |
21,120 (78) |
5,788 (89) |
13,794 (78) |
| Positive >90 days before current test |
1,145 (12) |
6,083 (22) |
729 (11) |
3,783 (22) |
|
SARS-CoV-2 test type
| ||||
| Rapid NAAT†† |
3,430 (35) |
9,583 (35) |
2,119 (33) |
5,877 (33) |
| Laboratory-based NAAT§§ |
6,377 (65) |
17,620 (65) |
4,398 (67) |
11,700 (67) |
|
Caregiver-reported one or more chronic underlying conditions for child
¶¶
| ||||
| No |
9,551 (97) |
26,501 (97) |
6,354 (97) |
17,139 (98) |
| Yes |
256 (3) |
702 (3) |
163 (3) |
438 (2) |
|
Vaccination status***
| ||||
| Unvaccinated |
9,523 (97) |
25,459 (94) |
6,212 (95) |
16,111 (92) |
| 1 dose Moderna |
107 (1) |
402 (1) |
NA |
NA |
| 2 doses Moderna |
177 (2) |
1,342 (5) |
NA |
NA |
| 1 dose Pfizer-BioNTech |
NA |
NA |
114 (2) |
329 (2) |
| 2 doses Pfizer-BioNTech |
NA |
NA |
137 (2) |
796 (5) |
| 3 doses Pfizer-BioNTech | NA | NA | 54 (1) | 341 (2) |
Abbreviations: HHS = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; ICATT = Increasing Community Access to Testing; NA = not applicable; NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test; NH = non-Hispanic; SVI = Social Vulnerability Index; VE = vaccine effectiveness.
* Children who received Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine were excluded from the Moderna VE analyses.
† Children who received Moderna COVID-19 vaccine were excluded from the Pfizer-BioNTech VE analyses.
§ Children whose caregiver reported NH ethnicity and any of the following for race were classified as Other, NH: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or other race, or whose caregiver reported not Hispanic or Latino with no corresponding race chosen. Children whose caregiver did not report race and ethnicity were classified as unknown.
¶ Regions are defined by HHS and include only states, territories, and freely associated states with ICATT sites. U.S. Virgin Islands (Region 2) and Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, and American Samoa (Region 9) were not included because they did not have pharmacies participating in ICATT. https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/iea/regional-offices/index.html
** SVI is a tool that uses U.S. Census Bureau data on 16 social factors to rank vulnerability by U.S. Census Bureau tract. The scale is from 0 to 1; higher SVIs represent more vulnerable communities. Tests with missing SVI data (<1% of total) were excluded from all analyses. Data in this study use 2020 SVI. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/data_documentation_download.html
†† Rapid NAAT was performed on-site on self-collected nasal swabs using ID Now (Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc.) and Accula (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
§§ Laboratory-based NAAT was performed on self-collected nasal swabs at contracted laboratories using a variety of testing platforms.
¶¶ Underlying conditions included on the questionnaire were heart conditions, high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, diabetes, current or former smoker, kidney failure or end stage renal disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and chronic lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, moderate to severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary embolism). The questionnaire also included immunocompromising conditions; examples provided include immunocompromising medications, solid organ or blood stem cell transplant, HIV, or other immunocompromising conditions. Tests from children were excluded if the caregiver reported an immunocompromising condition.
*** Vaccination status categories are mutually exclusive. Percentages reflect column percentages among analytic sample and because exclusion criteria do not reflect vaccine coverage in the population of children seeking testing within ICATT.