Fig. 6.

DCVC effects on NFKB1 mRNA expression and cell media concentrations of TNF-R1 as biomarkers of pro-inflammatory response. (A) Unsyncytialized BeWo cells exposed to DCVC for 48 h. (B) BeWo cells co-treated with DCVC while undergoing forskolin-stimulated syncytialization for 48 h. (C1) Syncytialized BeWo cells exposed to DCVC for 24 h. (C2-C3) Syncytialized BeWo cells exposed to DCVC for 48 h. For all graphs, the control group is indicated as treatment with 0 μM DCVC alone or 0 μM DCVC +0 μM forskolin. In experiments that included forskolin co-treatment, cells in the 0 μM DCVC +0 μM forskolin control group were treated with 0.1% DMSO (vehicle control for forskolin). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc comparison of means. Statistically significant differences are indicated by non-overlapping letters. For the TNF-R1 data, N = 5, 5, and 3 independent experiments for unsyncytialized BeWo cells, BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, and syncytialized BeWo cells, respectively. For the NFKB1 mRNA expression data, N = 5 independent experiments for all except N = 3 for exposures on syncytialized cells for 48-h duration. Error bars represent mean ± SEM.