Table 1.

TRAF3 in immune diseases.

Disease	Mechanism	References
Preclinical study
Multiple myeloma	The whole gene or loss of function of TRAF3 hindered the binding of TRAF3 and NIK	[82]
Osteoporosis	TRAF3 limits bone destruction by inhibiting RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling in osteoclast precursors	[90]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	TRAF3 regulates Th17 cell and Treg cell balance and the NF-κB signaling pathway	[95]
Non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma	Overexpression of TRAF3 in B cells	[96]
Clinical study
Herpes simplex encephalitis	The R118W mutation of TRAF3	[97]
Influenza A virus infection	Overexpression of TRAF3 enhanced virus-induced IRF3 activation, IFN-β production, and antiviral response	[102]
Celiac disease	TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression was increased in CD patients	[106]
Primary immunodeficiency	Autosomal dominant mutation of TRAF3	[109]
Guillain-Barré syndrome	The genetic variations within TLR2 and TLR3	[110]