Table 3.
Bias model estimates.
| Estimate | Standard error | 95% Confidence Interval (without Bonferroni correction) | 99.75% Confidence Interval (with Bonferroni correction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. StandardReg | ||||
| Intercept | 0.7402 | 0.0326 | (0.6763, 0.8041) | (0.6415, 0.8389) |
| Age | 0.0085 | 0.0044 | (−0.0002, 0.0172) | (−0.0050, 0.0219) |
| BMI | 0.0044 | 0.0041 | (−0.0036, 0.0123) | (−0.0079, 0.0167) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | −0.0002 | 0.0091 | (−0.0180, 0.0176) | (−0.0277, 0.0272) |
| Measurement condition | ||||
| Free-living | −0.0136 | 0.0171 | (−0.0470, 0.0199) | (−0.0653, 0.0381) |
| Sensor location | ||||
| Thigh | 0.0201 | 0.0220 | (−0.0231, 0.0632) | (−0.0465, 0.0867) |
| Waist | 0.0618 | 0.0221 | (0.0184, 0.1052) | (−0.0052, 0.1288) |
| Chest | 0.0638 | 0.0253 | (0.0142, 0.1134) | (−0.0128, 0.1403) |
| Wrist | 0.0261 | 0.0226 | (−0.0182, 0.0704) | (−0.0423, 0.0945) |
| Unspecified | 0.0255 | 0.0273 | (−0.0280, 0.0790) | (−0.0572, 0.1081) |
| Study | ||||
| Actitracker | 0.1724 | 0.0483 | (0.0776, 0.2673) | (0.0260, 0.3189) |
| DaLiAc | 0.2022 | 0.0317 | (0.1400, 0.2645) | (0.1061, 0.2983) |
| HASC | 0.1586 | 0.0263 | (0.1071, 0.2101) | (0.0790, 0.2382) |
| IWSCD | 0.1383 | 0.0312 | (0.0770, 0.1995) | (0.0437, 0.2329) |
| MobiAct | 0.1811 | 0.0299 | (0.1224, 0.2397) | (0.0905, 0.2716) |
| MotionSense | 0.2306 | 0.0361 | (0.1597, 0.3014) | (0.1211, 0.3400) |
| Pedometer | 0.2075 | 0.0314 | (0.1458, 0.2692) | (0.1123, 0.3028) |
| RealWorld | 0.1782 | 0.0299 | (0.1195, 0.2369) | (0.0875, 0.2689) |
| SFDLA | 0.1614 | 0.0302 | (0.1021, 0.2207) | (0.0698, 0.2529) |
| SisFall | 0.0559 | 0.0344 | (−0.0116, 0.1234) | (−0.0484, 0.1601) |
| SPADES | 0.1698 | 0.0282 | (0.1145, 0.2251) | (0.0844, 0.2552) |
| b. MixedReg | ||||
| Intercept | 0.7698 | 0.0303 | (0.7099, 0.8294) | (0.6771, 0.8632) |
| Age | 0.0114 | 0.0051 | (0.0016, 0.0214) | (−0.0045, 0.0272) |
| BMI | 0.0027 | 0.0049 | (−0.0069, 0.0123) | (−0.0124, 0.0182) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | −0.0021 | 0.0109 | (−0.0238, 0.0193) | (−0.0366, 0.0319) |
| Measurement condition | ||||
| Free-living | −0.0139 | 0.0179 | (−0.0489, 0.0222) | (−0.0677, 0.0393) |
| Sensor location | ||||
| Thigh | −0.0088 | 0.0181 | (−0.0440, 0.0264) | (−0.0638, 0.0470) |
| Waist | 0.0239 | 0.0178 | (−0.0117, 0.0593) | (−0.0269, 0.0787) |
| Chest | 0.0277 | 0.0205 | (−0.0131, 0.0684) | (−0.0337, 0.0888) |
| Wrist | −0.0051 | 0.0180 | (−0.0406, 0.0305) | (−0.0603, 0.0506) |
| Unspecified | −0.0175 | 0.0230 | (−0.0626, 0.0272) | (−0.0921, 0.0533) |
| Study | ||||
| Actitracker | 0.1880 | 0.0481 | (0.0929, 0.2801) | (0.0425, 0.3331) |
| DaLiAc | 0.2097 | 0.0359 | (0.1379, 0.2807) | (0.0980, 0.3198) |
| HASC | 0.1648 | 0.0267 | (0.1114, 0.2174) | (0.0861, 0.2443) |
| IWSCD | 0.1425 | 0.0332 | (0.0762, 0.2086) | (0.0375, 0.2449) |
| MobiAct | 0.1834 | 0.0304 | (0.1228, 0.2420) | (0.0905, 0.2766) |
| MotionSense | 0.2312 | 0.0366 | (0.1594, 0.3038) | (0.1235, 0.3419) |
| Pedometer | 0.2154 | 0.0334 | (0.1510, 0.2808) | (0.1130, 0.3168) |
| RealWorld | 0.1764 | 0.0366 | (0.1036, 0.2490) | (0.0640, 0.2843) |
| SFDLA | 0.1676 | 0.0358 | (0.0975, 0.2375) | (0.0551, 0.2774) |
| SisFall | 0.0624 | 0.0344 | (−0.0057, 0.1298) | (−0.0480, 0.1671) |
| SPADES | 0.1760 | 0.0307 | (0.1159, 0.2345) | (0.0855, 0.2674) |
Coefficient estimates, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals without Bonferroni correction and 99.75% with Bonferroni correction. a. StandardReg model. b. MixedReg model. In a and b, the covariate age in years was standardized by centering with the mean (28.7 y) and dividing by the standard deviation (12.0 y). BMI was also standardized by centering with the mean (22.9 kg/m2) and dividing by the standard deviation (3.9 kg/m2). Sex, environmental condition, sensor location, and study are incorporated using indicator variables. The reference category for sex is female, the reference category for environment is the controlled setting, the reference category for sensor location is the arm, and the reference category for study is UniMiBSHAR.