TABLE 2.

Muscle strength, functionality and mobility of the participants at awakening and when discharged from ICU.

	Awakening	ICU discharge	Delta (%)	Awakening	ICU discharge	Delta (%)	Time	Group	Time x group	Delta effect size
										Cohen’s d
Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS)	Male (n = 35)			Female (n = 21)
	45.0 ± 13.6	51.9 ± 8.1	15.2 ± 40.4	43.2 ± 11.9	47.4 ± 9.1	9.7 ± 23.0	<0.001	0.253	0.304	0.16
	Young (n = 23)			Old (n = 33)
	49.4 ± 10.7	54.9 ± 5.3	11.2 ± 50.3	40.8 ± 13.3	46.9 ± 9.2	14.9 ± 31.2	<0.001	0.002	0.824	0.09
	MV (≤10 days) (n = 30)			MV (>10 days) (n = 26)
	50.4 ± 8.8	53.1 ± 6.9b	5.4 ± 21.7	37.4 ± 13.5z	46.9 ± 9.5c,x	25.4 ± 74.5	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.38
	No ICUAW (n = 23)			ICUAW (n = 33)
	55.9 ± 3.3	56.8 ± 3.2z	1.7 ± 4.2	36.3 ± 10.8z	45.6 ± 8.4c,z	25.6 ± 22.6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	1.36
Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU)	Male (n = 34)			Female (n = 25)
	11.7 ± 6.9	22.8 ± 7.4	95.4 ± 7.2	10.8 ± 6.7	18.8 ± 6.7	73.1 ± 0.5	<0.001	0.114	0.121	3.96
	Young (n = 22)			Old (n = 37)
	13.3 ± 7.0	23.5 ± 7.3	76.7 ± 4.4	10.2 ± 6.5	19.7 ± 7.1	93.9 ± 9.4	<0.001	0.029	0.765	4.54
	MV (≤10 days) (n = 30)			MV (>10 days) (n = 29)
	13.8 ± 6.5	21.7 ± 6.7	57.3 ± 2.8	8.8 ± 6.2	20.5 ± 8.0	133.8 ± 30.2	<0.001	0.040	0.062	3.41
	No ICUAW (n = 20)			ICUAW (n = 29)
	16.6 ± 4.3	23.7 ± 6.4c	42.5 ± 48.8	9.1 ± 6.5z	21.1 ± 7.2c	130.5 ± 11.5	<0.001	<0.001	0.028	2.73

MV, mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; ICUAW, intensive care unit-acquired weakness. When a significant interaction between Time x Group (p < 0.05) was identified, differences between specific groups were calculated by dependent or independent t-test. Significant difference between Awakening vs. ICU, discharge; b: p < 0.01, c: p < 0.001 level. Significant intergroup difference; x: p < 0.05, z: p < 0.001. Cohen’s d effect size: 0.0–0.1 = no effect, 0.2–0.4 = small effect, 0.5–0.7 = intermediate effect, 0.8 - ≥ 1.0 = large effect.