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. 2023 Feb 10;14:1094838. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1094838

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Copyright © 2023 Chen, zhao, Chen, Jin, Huang, Zhu, Dai, Yuan, Chen, Tang, Chen, Lin, Ai, Wu, Chen and Qin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Identification of molecular isoforms for metabolic signatures of gastric cancer based on NMF (A) Heatmap of enrichment score of 12 main metabolic pathways gene sets in GC and adjacent non-tumor samples, which demonstrated metabolic heterogeneity among patients with gastric cancer. (B) The optimal number of clusters was selected with factoextra package. (C) Classification of expression profiles into 3 categories based on signature levels using NMF. (D) GC samples were clustered by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method. (E) Survival analysis was used to evaluate the different survival patterns between metabolic subtypes.