Fig. 5.

Time spent head-poking into the food magazine between choice and outcome in the main experiment. The bars show the average cumulative time subjects spent with their head in the food magazine in the 10 s preceding reward outcomes (± s.e.m.), pooled over the last 3 sessions. During this time reward-predictive signals indicating a 100%, 50% or 0% chance of reward could be presented. Data for the S⁺_S⁻ (n = 8), Only_S⁻ (n = 8) and Only_S⁺ (n = 8) groups are shown. The muted speaker symbol indicates that an explicit cue was not used to signal a particular outcome