Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the included studies
| Study ID | Sample | Study arms | Age (years), (Mean ± SD) | BMI (Kg/m2), (Mean ± SD) | Menopausal status, N (%) | Tumor size (cm), (Mean ± SD) | Tumor volume (cm3), (Mean ± SD) | Grade, N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||
| Atallah 2012 | 193 | OBCS | 53.56 ± 12.52 | 26.32 ± 5.31 | 93 (48.2%) | 1.89 ± 1.11 | 5.94 ± 3.50 | 26 (13.5) | 79 (40.9) | 34 (17.6) |
| 84 | CBCS | 52.07 ± 11.47 | 25.46 ± 6.13 | 30 (35.7%) | 1.86 ± 0.95 | 5.85 ± 3.01 | 13 (15.5) | 23 (27.4) | 18 (21.4) | |
| Behluli 2019 | 52 | OBCS | 62 ± 86.53 | – | 2.4 ± 8.653 | – | 5 (9.6) | 26 (50) | 21 (40.4) | |
| 291 | CBCS | 59 ± 187.65 | – | – | 2.5 ± 30.706 | – | 66 (22.7) | 142 (48.8) | 83 (28.5) | |
| Bromberg 2018 | 34 | OBCS | 53.9 ± 10.75 | – | – | – | – | 30 (88) | 4 (12) | 0 |
| 26 | CBCS | 57.4 ± 12.75 | – | – | – | – | 21 (81) | 5 (19) | 0 | |
| Chauhan2016 | 57 | OBCS | 46.9 ± 13.1 | – | – | – | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 13 (23%) | 31 (54%) | 13 (23%) |
| 43 | CBCS | 54.3 ± 5.3 | – | – | – | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 9 (27%) | 18 (42%) | 14 (31%) | |
| Doğru 2018 | 40 | OBCS | 43.3 ± 11.2 | – | 15 (37.5) | – | 9.61 ± 6.54 | – | – | – |
| 40 | CBCS | 48.4 ± 13.7 | – | 22 (55) | – | 9.98 ± 8.34 | – | – | – | |
| Dogan 2021 | 47 | OBCS | 48 ± 8 | 31 ± 4 | – | 3.6 ± 12 | – | – | – | 30 (64%) |
| 142 | CBCS | 49 ± 7 | 27 ± 3 | – | 2.4 ± 8 | – | – | – | 85 (60%) | |
| Gulcelik 2013 | 106 | OBCS | 53 ± 12.4 | – | – | 2.7 | – | – | – | – |
| 162 | CBCS | 51 ± 10.8 | – | – | 2.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Kelemen2018 | 350 | OBCS | 58 ± 9 | 23.3 ± 2.22 | – | – | – | 107 (30.6) | 127 (36.3) | 89 (25.4) |
| 350 | CBCS | 59 ± 9.5 | 22.9 ± 2.4 | – | – | – | 94 (26.9) | 139 (39.7) | 87 (24.9) | |
| Mátrai 2014 | 60 | OBCS | 57.2 ± 10.27 | – | – | – | – | 9 (15) | 31 (51.7) | 20 (33.3) |
| 60 | CBCS | 57.1 ± 10.76 | – | – | – | – | 18 (30.5) | 20 (33.9) | 21 (35.6) | |
| Niinikoski 2019 | 611 | OBCS | 61 ± 8.17 | – | – | 1.2 ± 1.42 | – | 175 (28.6) | 237 (38.8) | 198 (32.4) |
| 1189 | CBCS | 62 ± 9.67 | – | – | 12 ± 14.17 | – | 416 (35) | 500 (42.1) | 272 (22.9) | |
| Oberhauser 2020 | 188 | OBCS | 60.33 ± 14.94 | – | – | – | – | 46 (24.5) | 81 (43.1) | 57 (30.3) |
| 95 | CBCS | 61.67 ± 15.81 | – | – | – | – | 24 (25.3) | 44 (46.3) | 21 (22.1) | |
| Rose 2019 | 197 | OBCS | – | – | 64 (32.50) | – | – | 49 (24.90) | 83 (42.10) | 53 (26.90) |
| 1399 | CBCS | – | – | 283 (20.20) | – | – | 414 (29.60) | 506 (36.20) | 297 (21.20) | |
| Rose 2020 | 69 | OBCS | – | – | 61 (63.5) | – | – | – | – | – |
| 631 | CBCS | – | – | 466 (73.90) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Sakina 2021 | 249 | OBCS | 49.9 | – | – | 2.26 ± 1.66 | – | – | – | – |
| 173 | CBCS | 51.1 | – | – | 1.94 ± 1.28 | – | – | – | – | |
| Study ID | Histopathology, N (%) | Location in breast, n (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDC | ILC | IDLC | DCIS | Mixed* | Other | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
| Atallah 2012 | 105 (66) | 53 (33.3) | 1 (0.6) | 24 (13) | – | 7 (3.8) | 64 (33.5) | 26 (13.6) | 23 (12) | 9 (4.7) | 22 (11.5) | 9 (4.7) | 38 (19.9) |
| 37 (60.7) | 23 (37.7) | 1 (0.6) | 23 (37.7) | – | 7 (8.4) | 37 (47.4) | 8 (10.3) | 7 (9) | 3 (3.8) | 14 (17.9) | 2 (2.6) | 7 (9) | |
| Behluli 2019 | – | 28 (54) | – | 8 (15) | 16 (31) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | 165 (57) | – | 48 (16) | 78 (27) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Bromberg 2018 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 (47) | 4 (12) | 9 (26) | 4 (12) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 (42) | 7 (27) | 4 (15) | 1 (4) | 0 | 0 | 3 (12) | |
| Chauhan2016 | 54 (94%) | 1 (2%) | – | – | – | 2 (4%) | 33 (57.9) | 7 (12.3) | 5 (8.8) | 4 (7) | – | – | 8 (14) |
| 42 (96%) | 1 (2%) | – | – | – | 1 (2%) | 34 (79.1) | 5 (11.5) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (4.7) | – | – | 0 | |
| Doğru 2018 | – | 5 (12.5) | – | 3 (7.5) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | 5 (12.5) | – | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Dogan 2021 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Gulcelik 2013 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Kelemen2018 | 271 (77.4) | 35 (10) | – | 170 (48.6) | – | 22 (6.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 277 (79.1) | 21 (6) | – | 124 (35.4) | – | 22 (6.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Mátrai 2014 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 26 (43.4) | 12 (20) | 11 (18.3) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5%) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (5) |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 36 (60) | 7 (11.7) | 11 (18.3) | 6 (10) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Niinikoski 2019 | 424 (69.4) | 76 (12.4) | – | 29 (4.7) | – | 82 (13.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 826 (69.5) | 136 (11.4) | – | 64 (5.4) | – | 163 (13.7) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Oberhauser 2020 | – | – | – | 23 (12.2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | 11 (11.6) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rose 2019 | 171 (86.8) | 14 (7.1) | – | – | – | 11 (5.6) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1142 (81.6) | 101 (7.2) | – | – | – | 146 (10.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rose 2020 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 39 (40.60) | 8 (8.30) | 9 (9.40) | 6 (6.3) | – | – | 15 (15.6) |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | 233 (36.90) | 92 (14.60) | 56 (8.90) | 44 (7) | – | – | 39 (6.2) | |
| Sakina 2021 | 193 (84.3%) | 2 (0.9%) | – | – | – | – | 121 (48.8%) | 27 (10.9%) | 46 (18.5%) | 23 (9.3%) | – | – | 31 (12.5%) |
| 105 (76.1%) | 2 (1.4%) | – | – | – | – | 90 (50.2%) | 27 (15.6%) | 28 (16.2%) | 17 (9.8%) | – | – | 11 (6.4%) | |
| Study ID | Number | Study arm | TNM staging, N (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tis | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | ypT0 | ypT1a | ypT1b | ypT1c | ypT2 | |||
| Atallah 2012 | 193 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 84 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Behluli 2019 | 52 | OBCS | 8 (15.4) | – | 21 (40.4) | 22 (42.3) | 1 (1.9) | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 291 | CBCS | 48 (16.5) | – | 156 (53.6) | 73 (25.1) | 14 (4.8) | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Bromberg 2018 | 34 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 26 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Chauhan2016 | 57 | OBCS | – | – | 14 (24%) | 26 (47%) | 9 (16%) | 8 (13%) | – | – | – | – | – |
| 43 | CBCS | – | – | 11 (25%) | 27 (63%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (5%) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Doğru 2018 | 40 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 40 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Dogan 2021 | 47 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 142 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Gulcelik 2013 | 106 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 162 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Kelemen2018 | 350 | OBCS | 22 (6.3) | – | 210 (60) | 88 (25.1) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 15 (4.3) | 9 (2.6) | – | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) |
| 350 | CBCS | 30 (8.6) | – | 226 (64.6) | 91 (26) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | – | 0 | 0 | |
| Mátrai 2014 | 60 | OBCS | 4 (6.7%) | – | – | 22 (36.7%) | – | – | – | 1 (1.6%) | 6 (10%) | 27 (45%) | – |
| 60 | CBCS | 5 (8.3%) | – | – | 6 (10%) | – | – | – | 5 (8.3%) | 19 (31.7%) | 25 (41.7%) | – | |
| Niinikoski 2019 | 611 | OBCS | 28 (4.6) | – | 415 (67.9) | 164 (26.8) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1189 | CBCS | 64 (5.4) | – | 990 (83.3) | 132 (11.1) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Oberhauser 2020 | 188 | OBCS | 24 (12.8) | 8 (4.3) | 109 (58.0) | 40 (21.3) | 6 (3.2) | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 95 | CBCS | 11 (11.6) | 6 (6.3) | 60 (63.2) | 18 (18.9) | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rose 2019 | 197 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1399 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Rose 2020 | 69 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 631 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Sakina 2021 | 249 | OBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 173 | CBCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Study ID | Lymph nodes, N (%) | Hormone receptors, N (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NX | N0 | N1 | N2 | N3 | ypN0 | ypN1 | ypN2a | ER + | ER− | PR + | PR− | HER2 + | HER2− | Triple negative | Ki67 ≥ 20% | Luminal A-like | Luminal B-like (Her2-negative) | Luminal B-like (Her2-positive) | ||
| Atallah 2012 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 140 (89.7) | – | 136 (88.3) | – | 10 (6.7) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 52 (85.2) | – | 56 (91.8) | – | 4 (6.8) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Behluli 2019 | – | 38 (80.85) | 4 (8.51) | 4 (8.51) | 0 | – | – | – | 42 (84) | – | 30 (60) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | 192 (79) | 41 (16.9) | 6 (2.5) | 4 (1.6) | – | – | – | 248 (86) | – | 207 (72) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Bromberg 2018 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Chauhan2016 | – | 21 (37%) | 29 (51%) | 7 (12%) | – | – | – | – | 32 (56%) | 25 (44%) | – | – | 21 (37%) | 36 (63%) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | 14 (32%) | 27 (61%) | 2 (7%) | – | – | – | – | 27 (63%) | 16 (37%) | – | – | 19 (45%) | 24 (55%) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Doğru 2018 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Dogan 2021 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 (75%) | – | 31 (66%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 112 (79%) | – | 88 (62%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Gulcelik 2013 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 77 (72.6) | – | – | – | 24 (22.6) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 80 (49.3) | – | – | – | 21 (12.9) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Kelemen2018 | – | 237 (67.7) | 67 (19.2) | 16 (4.6) | 3 (0.9) | 17 (4.9) | 7 (2) | 3 (0.9) | 271 (77.4) | – | 119(34) | – | 19 (5.4) | – | 38 (10.9) | 130 (37.1) | – | – | – | |
| – | 317 (90.6) | 25 (7.1) | 6 (1.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 303 (86.6) | – | 143 (40.9) | – | 5 (1.4) | – | 12 (3.4) | 79 (22.6) | – | – | – | ||
| Mátrai 2014 | – | 51 (85%) | 9 (15%) | – | – | – | – | – | 46 (76.7%) | – | 42 (70%) | – | 6 (10%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | 48 (80%) | 12 (20%) | – | – | – | – | – | 51 (85%) | – | 43 (71.7%) | – | 3 (5%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Niinikoski 2019 | – | 415 (67.9) | 196 (32.1) | – | – | – | – | – | 512 (83.8) | 68 (11.1%) | 396 (64.8) | 184 (30.1%) | 75 (12.3) | 505 (82.6%) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | 891 (74.9) | 298 (25.1) | – | – | – | – | – | 1028 (86.5) | 100 (8.4%) | 825 (69.4) | 303 (25.5%) | 96 (8.1) | 1032 (86.8%) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Oberhauser 2020 | 12 (6.4) | 138 (73.4) | 27 (14.4) | 2 (1.1) | 8 (4.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 (4.8) | – | 9 (4.8) | – | 91 (48.4) | 40 (21.3) | 15 (8.0) | |
| 11 (11.6) | 64 (67.4) | 17 (17.9) | 3 (3.2) | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (2.1) | – | 4 (4.2) | – | 50 (52.6) | 21 (22.1) | 6 (6.3) | ||
| Rose 2019 | – | 101 (51.3) | 74 (37.6) | 9 (4.6) | 9 (4.6) | – | – | – | 165 (83.8) | 29 (14.7) | 79 (40.1) | 28 (14.2) | 22 (11.2) | 169 (85.8) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | 925 (66.1) | 362 (25.9) | 69 (4.9) | 27 (1.9) | – | – | – | 1205 (86.1) | 188 (13.4) | 490 (35.0) | 231 (16.5) | 120 (8.6) | 1056 (75.5) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Rose 2020 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Sakina 2021 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (IDLC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), A = upper outer quadrant, B = upper inner quadrant, C = lower outer quadrant, D = lower inner quadrant, E = upper quadrants junction, F = lower quadrants junction, G = central quadrant
*Mixed type (DCIS + I)