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. 2023 Feb 10;14:1094326. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094326

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Copyright © 2023 Adegoke, Ribeiro, Brown, Smith and Karim

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Depletion of phagocytic hemocytes impairs survival against bacterial challenges. Unfed female Am. maculatum were injected with either LP or CLD at 1:5 dilution and 24 h later challenged with bacteria or sterilely injured (A). Tick survival was monitored every 24 h for 10 days to evaluate the effect of sterile injury (B), E. coli (C), S. aureus (D), or R. parkeri (E) challenge. Data were analyzed with the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) in GraphPad Prism v8.4.1. S.a: live S. aureus, S.a*: heat-killed S. aureus, R.p: R. parkeri.