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. 2023 Feb 10;14:1094326. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094326

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Copyright © 2023 Adegoke, Ribeiro, Brown, Smith and Karim

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nimrod B2 and eater homologs as functional markers of hemocyte phagocytosis. The role of nimrod B2 and eater silencing on in vivo phagocytosis was evaluated in Am. maculatum hemocytes (A). qPCR validation of bulk RNA expression profiles of nimrod B2 and eater in uninfected and R. parkeri-infected Am. maculatum hemocytes (B). dsRNA was injected into Am. maculatum female ticks to disrupt the expression of nimrod B2 and eater genes and confirmed by qPCR (C). The proportion of phagocytic hemocytes was compared with dsGFP-injected ticks (D). Additional validation of phagocyte depletion showing a significant reduction in nimrod B2 (E) and eater (F) transcript in CLD-injected ticks. Gene expression was normalized to Am. maculatum actin. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-tests in GraphPad Prism v8.4.1. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001.