Table 7.
Additional bioactive compounds, dose, therapy, quantity, duration and clinical outcomes of PRP in the adjunctive treatment of tendon ligament healing.
| Part | Acute or chronic injury | Bioactive compounds | Dosage | Treatment/control | Quantity | Time | Clinical outcomes (indicators) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achilles tendon | Chronic achilles Tendon Tear (22) | No activator | 5 ml PRP | GPS/Saline | 54 | 24 weeks | Both groups improved pain scores and activity levels (VISA-A) |
| Open suture complete tear of achilles tendon (23) | Calcium chloride | 4 ml PRGF | PRGF II/RIR | 12 | 12 months | Faster return to normal mobility, gentle running and normal training | |
| External epicondyle | Chronic epicondylitis (27) | No activator | 3-3.5 ml PRP | GPS/CSI/saline | 60/17a | 12 months | CSI has a short-term pain-reducing effect (PRTEE) |
| Chronic epicondylitis (30) | No activator | 3 ml PRP | GPS/CSI | 100 | December | Progressive Pain Relief (DASH) | |
| Chronic epicondylitis (35) | No activator | Not mentioned | LR-PRP/CSI | 100 | 24 months | Reduces pain and significantly enhances DASH function | |
| Shoulder Sleeve | Repair of rotator cuff tears with small to medium-sized double-row anchor sutures (31) | Calcium chloride | One layer of flat circular PRFM film | PRFM/none | 88 | 16 months | Failure to improve healing of small to medium rotator cuff tears repaired with double-row anchor staples (Constant-Murley) |
| Repair of complete rotator cuff tears with single-row anchor staple closure (32) | Autologous thrombin component serum | 6 ml PRP | GPS/none | 53 | 24 months | Short-term postoperative pain relief and facilitation of rotator cuff external rotation strength recovery in subgroups with grade 1 and 2 tears (SST) | |
| Repair of rotator cuff tears with small to medium-sized double-row anchor sutures (34) | Calcium chloride | One layer of flat circular PRFM film | PRFM/none | 79 | 12 weeks | Transosseous equivalent double-row restorations treated with PRFM are more likely to fail | |
| Patellar Tendon | Chronic refractory patellar tendinopathy (36) | Calcium chloride | 5 ml PRP three times every two weeks | PRP/none | 15 | 6 months | Significant improvement in both pain scores and functional recovery (Tegner, EQ VAS) |
| Ligaments | Complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (25) | Acid-soluble type I collagen | One type I collagen sponge and 700 ml of hydrogel mixture | Collagen-PRP Hydrogel/none | 17b | 6 months | Improved histological differences in non-healing intra-articular ligament wounds and enhanced expression of related proteins |
PRP, PRP without specific preparation device specified; GPS, GPS kit; PRGF II, PRGF System II; LR-PRP, leukocyte-rich platelet plasma, no kit specified; Collagen-PRP Hydrogel, type I collagen sponge strip and hydrogel mixture; CSI, corticosteroid injection; Saline, saline injections; None, same physical therapy or training; RIR, retrospective comparative study; PRTEE, patient-rated tennis elbow; Constant-Murley, Scoring System Shoulder Scale; SST, Simple Shoulder Test; DASH, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand; Tegner, knee motion score. aindicates only 17 patients remaining by December. bindicates the right and left knees of 17 dogs.