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. 2022 Dec 26;30(2):187–199. doi: 10.1007/s12282-022-01428-z

Table 3.

Proposition of interventions suitable for each stage of the disease

Stage Intervention
Prophylaxis

Sentinel lymph node biopsy before ALND

Considering ARM

Mastectomy combined with LVA

Same-time breast reconstruction combined with VNLT

Exercises after the surgical procedure

Patient with a high risk of BCRL or with stage 0 disease

Exercises

Compression garments

Consideration of LVA

Patient in stage I/II

Exercises

Compression garments

CDT

LVA/VNLT

Patient in stage III/IV Lipectomy; additionally, with VNLT