TABLE 3.
Results of the multivariable analysis for the relationships between hand grip strength and blood manganese (Mn) concentrations.
| Blood Mn (μg/dL) | All | Non‐welders | Welders | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≧Mean a | <Mean | OR (95% CI) | P value b | ≧Mean a | <Mean | OR (95% CI) | P value b | ≧Mean a | <Mean | OR (95% CI) | P value b | |
| Dominant hand | ||||||||||||
| T1 (0.5–0.8) | 26 | 29 | 1.00 (referent) | 18 | 23 | 1.00 (referent) | 8 | 6 | 1.00 (referent) | |||
| T2 (0.9–1.1) | 30 | 37 | 1.01 (0.46–2.21) | .972 | 11 | 24 | 1.36 (0.49–3.76) | .554 | 19 | 13 | 0.94 (0.22–4.07) | .930 |
| T3 (1.2–2.8) | 35 | 32 | 0.89 (0.40–1.99) | .777 | 11 | 8 | 0.50 (0.15–1.74) | .279 | 24 | 24 | 1.31 (0.32–5.34) | .711 |
| P for trend | .936 | P for trend | .330 | P for trend | .805 | |||||||
| Non‐dominant hand | ||||||||||||
| T1 (0.5–0.8) | 26 | 28 | 1.00 (referent) | 18 | 23 | 1.00 (referent) | 8 | 5 | 1.00 (referent) | |||
| T2 (0.9–1.1) | 32 | 35 | 1.06 (0.49–2.33) | .877 | 9 | 26 | 1.99 (0.70–5.67) | .196 | 23 | 9 | 0.64 (0.14–2.90) | .559 |
| T3 (1.2–2.8) | 41 | 25 | 0.74 (0.33–1.67) | .468 | 11 | 8 | 0.60 (0.18–2.01) | .410 | 30 | 17 | 0.79 (0.19–3.33) | .753 |
| P for trend | .613 | P for trend | .177 | P for trend | .832 | |||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; T, tertile.
a
Mean of dominant hand is 45.5 (kg), non‐dominant hand is 43.3 (kg).
b
P values were obtained using multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking habits, drinking habits, factory, and welding exposure‐years.