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. 2022 Dec 20;30(2):560–575. doi: 10.1038/s41418-022-01102-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The USP8 mRNA expression profile between tumor samples from the TCGA database and normal tissues from the TCGA and GTEx database in pan-cancer. Blue codes represent tumors in which USP8 is expressed in tumor samples higher than normal tissues. b Relative USP8 mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues (n = 179) and normal pancreatic tissues (n = 171) were included based on the TCGA and GTEx database. c USP8 levels as measured using IHC staining in pancreatic tumor tissues and paired normal tissues from eight patients, d statistical analysis of the results in (c) (Tumor: Pancreatic tumor tissue; Normal: Normal pancreatic tissue). Scale bars =100×: 250 μm and 400×: 50 μm. e Expression of USP8 in KPC mice pancreatic tumor tissues, PanIN1 lesions, and normal mouse pancreas tissues determined using IHC staining in three mice, (f) statistical analysis of the results in (e). Scale bars = Scale bars =100×: 250 μm and 400×: 50 μm. g Western blotting analysis of USP8 levels in clinical pancreatic tissue samples from seven patients, h statistical analysis of the results in (g) (T: Pancreatic tumor tissue; N: Normal pancreatic tissue). i Analysis of USP8 protein levels among normal pancreatic ductal cells (HPNE), human pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, T3M4, MIA PaCa-2, SW1990, and PANC-1), and mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc02, KPC) using western blotting. In (b), data are shown as boxplots in which the median is shown as the middle line; the first and third quartiles correspond to lower and upper hinges; the upper whisker extends from the hinge to the largest value by no more than 1.5× the inter-quartile range (IQR) from the hinge; the lower whisker extends from the hinge to the smallest value at most 1.5× IQR of the hinge, while data appearing beyond the end of the whiskers represent individually plotted outlying points. The results are shown as the means ± SD representative experiments in (f). The data represent three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 assessed via a two-tailed t test; ns: not significant.