Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Before matching | After matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARB | ARNI | P-value | ARB | ARNI | P-value | |
| N | 113 | 57 | 47 | 47 | ||
| Age (years) | 60.82 (10.61) | 64.35 (10.46) | 0.041 | 64.19 (7.57) | 64.17 (10.49) | 0.991 |
| Male (%) | 78 (69.03%) | 41 (71.93%) | 0.697 | 31 (65.96%) | 32 (68.09%) | 0.826 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.34 (3.01) | 24.40 (3.18) | 0.061 | 24.85 (3.26) | 24.66 (3.19) | 0.779 |
| Duration of AF (months) | 12.00 (6.00–48.00) | 13.00 (3.00–48.00) | 0.695 | 24.00 (6.00–36.00) | 22.00 (4.00–48.00) | 0.677 |
| Hypertension (%) | 85 (75.22%) | 40 (70.18%) | 0.481 | 36 (76.60%) | 33 (70.21%) | 0.484 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 38 (33.63%) | 16 (28.07%) | 0.462 | 16 (34.04%) | 15 (31.91%) | 0.826 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 21 (18.58%) | 13 (22.81%) | 0.516 | 11 (23.40%) | 11 (23.40%) | 1.000 |
| CAD (%) | 17 (15.04%) | 10 (17.54%) | 0.674 | 8 (17.02%) | 8 (17.02%) | 1.000 |
| HF (%) | 22 (19.47%) | 20 (35.09%) | 0.026 | 12 (25.53%) | 15 (31.91%) | 0.494 |
| Current smoking (%) | 21 (18.58%) | 9 (15.79%) | 0.652 | 7 (14.89%) | 6 (12.77%) | 0.765 |
| Current alcohol (%) | 19 (16.81%) | 11 (19.30%) | 0.688 | 8 (17.02%) | 8 (17.02%) | 1.000 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 132.09 (20.87) | 130.70 (20.05) | 0.679 | 135.74 (20.12) | 131.45 (19.85) | 0.300 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76.73 (12.45) | 75.47 (10.41) | 0.512 | 76.02 (11.69) | 77.02 (9.19) | 0.646 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.62 (1.04) | 4.95 (1.00) | 0.044 | 4.99 (1.05) | 4.99 (1.01) | 0.976 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.75 (1.57) | 1.79 (2.00) | 0.878 | 1.87 (1.65) | 1.90 (2.17) | 0.947 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.08 (0.36) | 1.00 (0.33) | 0.161 | 1.01 (0.33) | 1.01 (0.34) | 0.973 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.53 (0.76) | 2.78 (0.69) | 0.042 | 2.83 (0.78) | 2.77 (0.69) | 0.736 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73m2) | 82.69 (19.19) | 80.04 (22.66) | 0.426 | 80.85 (19.08) | 80.00 (20.34) | 0.835 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 94.30 (36.51–190.53) | 221.04 (53.26–461.75) | 0.012 | 110.56 (41.02–400.14) | 155.68 (49.08–394.78) | 0.951 |
| LAD (mm) | 36.63 (5.39) | 38.91 (6.57) | 0.017 | 37.23 (5.61) | 37.79 (5.79) | 0.639 |
| LVEF (%) | 62.52 (8.57) | 57.79 (11.42) | 0.003 | 61.21 (10.82) | 59.91 (10.73) | 0.561 |
| NYHA functional class (%) | 0.080 | 0.494 | ||||
| I | 91 (80.53%) | 37 (64.91%) | 35 (74.47%) | 32 (68.09%) | ||
| II | 22 (19.47%) | 20 (35.09%) | 12 (25.53%) | 15 (31.91%) | ||
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.25 (1.45) | 2.40 (1.36) | 0.501 | 2.38 (1.42) | 2.43 (1.36) | 0.883 |
| Baseline medications (%) | ||||||
| Beta-blockers | 55 (48.67%) | 29 (50.88%) | 0.786 | 22 (46.81%) | 22 (46.81%) | 1.000 |
| CCB | 39 (34.51%) | 20 (35.09%) | 0.941 | 15 (31.91%) | 14 (29.79%) | 0.823 |
| Statins | 35 (30.97%) | 19 (33.33%) | 0.755 | 17 (36.17%) | 15 (31.91%) | 0.663 |
| MRA | 10 (8.85%) | 8 (14.04%) | 0.300 | 6 (12.77%) | 6 (12.77%) | 1.000 |
| Diuretics | 32 (28.32%) | 20 (35.09%) | 0.366 | 18 (38.30%) | 18 (38.30%) | 1.000 |
| Anticoagulation | 0.613 | 0.933 | ||||
| Warfarin | 6 (5.31%) | 2 (3.51%) | 2 (4.26%) | 1 (2.13%) | ||
| Dabigatran | 25 (22.12%) | 17 (29.82%) | 12 (25.53%) | 13 (27.66%) | ||
| Rivaroxaban | 42 (37.17%) | 22 (38.60%) | 18 (38.30%) | 19 (40.43%) | ||
| AADs | 0.200 | 1.000 | ||||
| Class I | 25 (22.12%) | 17 (29.82%) | 14 (29.79%) | 14 (29.79%) | ||
| Class III | 11 (9.73%) | 9 (15.79%) | 5 (10.64%) | 5 (10.64%) | ||
| Follow-up (days) | 684.00 (487.00–884.00) | 726.00 (544.00–910.00) | 0.328 | 743.00 (529.00–935.50) | 709.00 (542.50–885.50) | 0.991 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range) and percentages. ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, ARNI Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, BMI body mass index, AF atrial fibrillation, CAD coronary artery disease, HF Heart failure, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, LAD left atrial diameter, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, CCB calcium channel blockers, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, AADs antiarrhythmic drugs.