TABLE 6.

Coding scheme: Teacher expertise.

Code categories	Description	Example	% of occurrence
Code dimension 1 knowledge structure
Breadth of knowledge	Extensive knowledge related to the subject being taught	Knowledge is not limited to the subject being taught but should be expanded as far as possible	100%
Depth of knowledge	Being proficient in subject knowledge	The subject knowledge taught to students is accurate and in-depth	23.5%
Construction of knowledge	Knowledge is interconnected into an integrated knowledge system and structure	To establish a knowledge system and knowledge network based on teaching experiences	9.8%
Use of knowledge	Knowledge is used effectively to solve problems in teaching	Exercise is placed in the context of a specific life situation	24.5%
Code dimension 2 teaching ability
Clear and structured instruction	Being clear about teaching content, objectives, tasks, methods, and means	An excellent teacher has better methods and techniques of teaching	19.6%
Mastering textbooks	Accurately mastering the textbooks and knowledge of the subject being taught	An excellent teacher can explain the most complex knowledge in the textbook in simple terms and taking an easy-to-understand approach	9.8%
Focusing on students’ well-rounded development	Focusing on students’ achievement, together with views on life and values permeating into teaching	Cultivating students’ group consciousness and honesty, which is good for their achievement	10.7%
Cultivating students’ thinking and habit	Cultivating students’ thinking abilities and behavioral habits through teaching	Students are put into groups to share and display mind maps in class	29.4%
Making accurate predictions	Predicting possible problems and effects in teaching	Taking students’ possible responses into account in preparing lessons	8.8%
Monitoring class situations	Being sensitive to students’ responses to class situations and developing an appropriate learning culture	Creating an active classroom climate through communication and sharing among students	33.3%
Interaction and feedback	Interacting with students and providing them with in-time feedback	Making sure that while the teacher is speaking that the students grasp the key words, connect them with the context, make comparisons, and use other learning methods by giving timely affirmations and strengthening learning behaviors	63.7%
Activating students	Stimulating students’ interest and arousing their enthusiasm in learning	Stimulating students’ interest in learning by sharing stories and interesting news	31.6%
Respecting for students	Caring about students and respecting their performance and ideas	Understanding that teaching is based on rapport with the students and trying to establish trust-based relationships with them	15.7%
Code dimension 3 professional development agency
Diligence and dedication	Working hard tirelessly and dedicating time and energy to self-improvement	I repeatedly invite my colleagues and leaders to listen to my courses and improve the quality of my teaching	55%
Perseverance and conscientiousness	Having a strong sense of conscientiousness, perseverance, and of high requirements for teaching	I take 2 weeks to go over my curriculum design over and over again until the optimal one is determined	16.7%
Learning and development	Participating in various learning activities	I have access to high-quality courses and excellent teachers through various channels	15.7%
Self-reflection and improvement	Reflecting and evaluating one’s teaching practice, taking notes, and making adjustment	The students’ level of achievement is not good. This is because my course is not clear enough, and there is not enough homework	51.0%
Autonomy and innovation	Thinking independently and solving teaching problems creatively	I expand the subject resources that are not in the textbook	12.3%
Open-mindedness	Being open to new ideas and new things	We should keep up with the pace of development of the times and not stick to conventions	20.6%