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. 2023 Feb 10;14:1088778. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088778

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Copyright © 2023 Shi, Wang, Wang, Lu and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Datasets, assumptions, and study design of the bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of the associations between 41 inflammatory factors and PDR. BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FG, fasting glucose; FI, fasting insulin; IVs, instrumental variables; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes.