Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Author | Year | Sample size | Study design | Patients | Nationality | Male(%) | Age (years) | Follow-up (years) | Outcomes | GDF-15 (ng/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peiró ÓM, et al. | 2019 | 358 | Cohort | ACS | Spain | 72.6 | 64.8 | 6.5 | All-cause death | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
| Held C, et al. | 2017 | 14,577 | trial | Stable CAD | Sweden | 81.5 | 65.3 | 3.7 | All-cause death, CV death, MI, stroke | <915, 915–1,253, 1,253–1,827, >1,827 |
| James SK, et al. | 2016 | 16,876 | Trial | ACS | Sweden | 71.3 | 62.0 | 1.0 | All-cause death, CV death, MI, stroke | <1,145, 1,145–1,550, 1,550–2,219, >2,219 |
| Schopfer DW, et al. | 2014 | 984 | Cohort | Stable CAD | America | 81.5 | 66.7 | 8.9 | All-cause death, CV death, MI, stroke | <1,770, 1,770–2,660, >2,660 |
| Damman P, et al. | 2014 | 1,151 | Trial | NSTEMI | Netherlands | 73.1 | 62.2 | 5.0 | All-cause death, CV death, MI | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
| Kempf T, et al. | 2009 | 2,229 | Cohort | CAD | Germany | 77.7 | 61.6 | 3.6 | CV death | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
| Velders MA, et al. | 2015 | 5,385 | Trial | STEMI | America | 77.4 | 59.0 | 0.8 | CV death, MI | <1,116, 1,116–1,492, 1,492–2,120, >2,120 |
| Li M, et al. | 2020 | 3,641 | Cohort | CAD | China | 72.3 | 61.4 | 6.4 | All-cause death | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
| Kempf T, et al. | 2007 | 741 | Trial | STEMI | America and Europe | 70.2 | 67.0 | 1.0 | All-cause death | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
| Bonaca MP, et al. | 2011 | 3,501 | Trial | ACS | America and Europe | 78.9 | 58.1 | 2.0 | All-cause death, MI | <1,200, 1,200–1,800, >1,800 |
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CAD, coronary artery disease; CV death, cardiovascular death; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor-15; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, st-segment elevation myocardial infarction.