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. 2023 Feb 14;29(6):967–996. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.967

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Circular model of crosstalk between periodontal disease, gut microbiota, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; FFA: Free fatty acids; PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids; EtOH, Ethanol.