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. 2023 Jan 18;26(3):105982. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105982

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Major development progress of anode-free configurations

The optimization Strategies for anode-free Na metal batteries mainly focus on the Na-rich cathode materials, Na-ion augmentation coating, artificial interlayer engineering, and optimization of electrolyte formulations. To meet the benchmark requirements for commercialization, some challenges still need to be addressed.