Table 4.
Technology | Mechanism of action |
---|---|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Production of a magnetic field to force alignment of H protons found in water of tissues |
Computed Tomography (CT) / CT fluoroscopy | Combination of different X-rays taken from different angles in the body – generation cross section images of the body. A combination with fluoroscopy gives real-time imaging that can be useful in interventional procedures |
Cryosection + Microscopical analysis | Tissue cut and frozen with the microtome portion of the cryostat and stained for microscopical analysis |
Dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) |
Injection of a paramagnetic contrast agent to enhance pattern of tissue – which is seen using MRI |
Integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT (F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) |
Hybrid imaging approach by the Integration of F-FDG PET and CT. CT data were used for attenuation correction and anatomic localization of PET lesions |
Multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) |
Molecular imaging with MRI – using a map representing signal intensity of metabolites in tissues |
Isotopic tracking probe using HMDP-99mTc probe | I.V injection of a tracer (HMDP-99mTc) that will be fixed to the lesion – Radio-detection carried out using gamma camera. |
3D-multimodality image (3DMMI-based virtual surgical planning) and 3D-printed patient-specific instruments (PSI) |
Assimilating each separate radiographic image into a single 3DMMI revealing all structures in the pelvis |
Navigation assisted surgery (3D software). By Stryker |
Real-time intraoperative assessments of stability and range of motion |
Fast simultaneous two-channel stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging technique and a new pseudo-hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) recolouring methodology |
Use of two pulse lasers (pump and Stokes) to excite intrinsic vibrational motions of molecules coherently and detect their unique characteristics on a spectrum |
Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging and proton magnetic resonance (MR) | Measures the Brownian motion of water molecules within a voxel of tissue |
Flat-panel volumetric computed tomography | 8–16-fold higher image resolution than conventional CTs with shorter acquisition time |