Table 1. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Case No. | Age (sex) | Injured side | Mechanism of trauma | Close or open | Nerve injury | Wrist fractures (type) | Elbow fractures (type) | Ligament lesions | Dislocation or instability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 (M) | R/+ | Fall from height | C | DR (A3.1) | CP (I) | LCL | Elbow dislocation | |
| DU | |||||||||
| 2 | 26 (M) | R/+ | Fall from height | C | DR (B2.2) | RH (II) | LCL | Elbow dislocation | |
| SCA (A1) | MCL | ||||||||
| 3 | 33 (M) | R/+ | MVA | O | Median n. | DR (C2.1) | RH (III) | LCL | Elbow dislocation# |
| SU | CP (I) | MCL | DRUJ instability | ||||||
| 4 | 37 (M) | L | Fall from height | C | SCA (B4) | RH (II) | TSPD | ||
| 5 | 45 (M) | L/+ | Fall from height | O | Radial n. | DR (C3.2) | RH (I) | LCL | Elbow dislocation |
| SU | MCL | DRUJ instability | |||||||
| SCA (B2) | |||||||||
| 6 | 27 (F) | R/+ | Fall from height | C | DR (A3.1) | RH (II) | MCL | ||
| 7 | 38 (M) | L | Sports | C | DR (B3.3) | RH (III) | LCL | Elbow dislocation | |
| DU | MCL | ||||||||
| 8 | 42 (M) | R/+ | Fall from height | C | SCA (B2) | RH (II) | |||
| 9 | 35 (M) | R/+ | MVA | C | DR (C2.2) | RH (II) | MCL | Elbow dislocation | |
| DU | |||||||||
| 10 | 48 (F) | L | Cycling | C | DR (C3.1) | RH (II) | LCL | Elbow dislocation DRUJ subluxation |
|
| SU | |||||||||
| 11 | 29 (M) | R/+ | Fall from height | C | Median n. | DR (B3.3) | RH (II) | MCL | DRUJ instability |
| SU | |||||||||
| 12 | 43 (M) | L | Sports | C | DR (A3.1) | CP (I) | LCL | Elbow dislocation | |
| DU | MCL | ||||||||
| 13 | 38 (F) | R/+ | MVA | O | DR (C2.2) | RH (II) | MCL | DRUJ instability |
#, TTIE, terrible triad injury of the elbow. M, male; F, female; R, right; L, left; +, dominant side; MVA, motor vehicle accident; DR, distal radial fracture; DU, ulnar head or distal shaft fracture; SU, ulnar styloid fracture; SCA, scaphoid fracture; TSPD, trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation; RH, radial head fracture; CP, coronoid process fracture; LCL, lateral collateral ligament; MCL, medial collateral ligament; DRUJ, distal radioulnar joint.