Table 2.

Mechanisms for the infection-induced decrease in HDL-C.

Decreases in hepatic Apo A-I production leading to a decrease in HDL particles [43], [44]

Formation of SAA rich HDL that are rapidly cleared from the circulation [45], [46]

Decreased LCAT leading to a decrease in cholesterol ester accumulation in HDL [47], [48], [49], [50]

Increases in endothelial cell lipase and sPLA2-IIA leading to increased HDL catabolism [50], [51], [52]

Decreased ABCA1 and ABCG1 leading to decreased cholesterol content of HDL [53], [54], [55], [56]

Exchange of HDL cholesterol for VLDL triglyceride leading to an increase in HDL triglyceride that is metabolized resulting in small HDL that are rapidly catabolized *[38], *[57]

Capillary leakage with redistribution from the intravascular to the extravascular compartment