Table 1. Description of BFP Nonbeneficiaries and Beneficiaries Before and After Kernel Weighting, 2004 to 2015 (N = 6 677 273).
| Variable | Before kernel weighting, % | After kernel weighting, % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-BFP (n = 1 264 037) | BFP (n = 5 413 236) | Diff (BFP-Non-BFP | Non-BFP (n = 1 017 154) | BFP (n = 4 731 624) | Diff (BFP-Non-BFP) | |
| Race | ||||||
| Asian | 0.47 | 0.35 | −0.12 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.03 |
| Black | 7.36 | 8.78 | 1.42 | 8.56 | 8.74 | 0.18 |
| Indigenous | 0.29 | 1.03 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.10 |
| Pardo | 55.69 | 63.69 | 8.00 | 64.04 | 63.57 | −0.47 |
| White | 36.19 | 26.15 | −10.04 | 26.39 | 26.49 | 0.10 |
| Missing dataa | 9.35 | 5.76 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| High school or college (≥8 y) | 69.64 | 58.88 | −10.76 | 57.82 | 58.78 | 0.96 |
| Elementary or middle school (4-7 y) | 24.21 | 32.86 | 8.65 | 33.68 | 33.02 | −0.66 |
| Elementary school or illiterate (<3 y) | 6.15 | 8.26 | 2.11 | 8.50 | 8.20 | −0.30 |
| Missing dataa | 1.98 | 2.26 | NA | NA | NA | AN |
| Age group, y | ||||||
| 10-19 | 14.09 | 23.24 | 9.15 | 23.47 | 23.66 | 0.19 |
| 20-34 | 75.89 | 69.32 | −6.57 | 69.45 | 68.88 | −0.57 |
| ≥35 | 10.02 | 7.44 | −2.58 | 7.08 | 7.46 | 0.38 |
| Missing dataa | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| No. of children in cohort | ||||||
| 1 | 39.74 | 44.35 | 4.61 | 45.46 | 44.21 | −1.25 |
| 2-3 | 57.80 | 49.66 | −8.14 | 48.90 | 49.87 | 0.97 |
| >3 | 2.46 | 5.99 | 3.53 | 5.64 | 5.92 | 0.28 |
| Missing dataa | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Household density | ||||||
| ≤2 Persons per room | 79.30 | 53.22 | −26.08 | 53.21 | 53.33 | 0.12 |
| >2 Persons per room | 20.70 | 46.78 | 26.08 | 46.79 | 46.67 | −0.12 |
| Missing dataa | 11.63 | 5.10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Water supply | ||||||
| Public network | 77.51 | 65.42 | −12.09 | 65.64 | 65.98 | 0.34 |
| Well, natural source, or other | 22.49 | 34.58 | 12.09 | 34.36 | 34.01 | −0.35 |
| Missing dataa | 7.53 | 2.79 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Waste disposal system | ||||||
| Public network | 77.51 | 38.72 | −38.79 | 38.28 | 38.81 | 0.53 |
| Septic tank, ditch, or other | 22.49 | 61.28 | 38.79 | 61.72 | 61.19 | −0.53 |
| Missing dataa | 8.88 | 3.51 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Garbage disposal | ||||||
| Public collection system | 51.21 | 68.78 | 17.57 | 69.35 | 69.77 | 0.42 |
| Burned, buried, or other | 49.79 | 31.22 | −18.57 | 30.64 | 30.22 | −0.42 |
| Missing dataa | 7.53 | 2.79 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Geographical region | ||||||
| South | 14.19 | 8.55 | −5.64 | 8.43 | 8.71 | 0.28 |
| North | 9.78 | 13.21 | 3.43 | 12.99 | 12.74 | −0.25 |
| Northeast | 30.69 | 42.87 | 12.18 | 42.80 | 42.86 | 0.06 |
| Southeast | 35.10 | 29.29 | −5.81 | 29.66 | 29.68 | 0.02 |
| Center-West | 10.24 | 6.08 | −4.16 | 6.12 | 6.01 | −0.11 |
| Missing dataa | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Location of household | ||||||
| Urban | 81.56 | 71.74 | −9.82 | 72.15 | 72.40 | 0.25 |
| Rural | 18.44 | 28.26 | 9.82 b | 27.85 | 27.60 | −0.25b |
| Missing dataa | 5.56 | 2.06 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Year | ||||||
| 2004 | 7.85 | 10.26 | 2.41 | 10.39 | 10.55 | 0.16 |
| 2005 | 7.12 | 7.92 | 0.80 b | 7.53 | 7.85 | 0.32b |
| 2006 | 26.84 | 45.62 | 18.78 | 46.44 | 46.69 | 0.25 |
| 2007 | 11.18 | 13.71 | 2.53 | 14.64 | 14.44 | −0.2 |
| 2008 | 5.37 | 5.53 | 0.16 | 6.06 | 5.84 | −0.22 |
| 2009 | 4.33 | 4.85 | 0.52 | 5.22 | 5.09 | −0.13 |
| 2010 | 6.12 | 4.36 | −1.76 | 3.59 | 3.50 | −0.09 |
| 2011 | 5.18 | 2.51 | −2.67 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 0.02 |
| 2012 | 10.41 | 2.79 | −7.62 | 2.61 | 2.54 | −0.07 |
| 2013 | 7.44 | 1.61 | −5.83 | 1.17 | 1.16 | −0.01 |
| 2014 | 6.09 | 0.72 | −5.37 | 0.67 | 0.65 | −0.02 |
| 2015 | 2.07 | 0.12 | −1.95 | 0.12 | 0.11 | −0.01 |
| Missing dataa | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: BFP, Bolsa Família program; NA, not applicable.
a
Percentage was not included when calculating the categories.
b
P < .005. For all others in these columns, P < .001.