Table 2.

Differences between the individualistic learning (IL) and collaborative learning (CL) tutorials.

	IL	CL
At the beginning of each tutorial	The tutorial provides visual instructions and the following audio instructions reminding the students to work independently: “During today’s lesson, you will work individually. This will include activities where we ask you to reflect on your own about what you have learnt. Please do not consult your fellow learners during this lesson. If you have any questions, consult the facilitator and they will answer any questions or concerns you might have.”	The tutorial provides visual instructions and the following audio instructions about how to work together: “During today’s lesson, you will work together with your group members to learn new skills and review the materials. Take turns completing the practice activities and moving the tutorials. If a group member has any difficulty, feel free to provide assistance. Think of yourself as a team that works together to help improve each other’s learning.”
Before performing each practice activity	The tutorial provides audio instructions to remind students to perform the practice activity individually, for example, “Now you are going to work individually to master the terms you just learnt.”	The tutorial provides audio instructions to remind students to work together to complete the practice activity, for example, “Now you are going to work together to practice what you just learnt” or “Take the next few minutes to work together to follow the instructions on the screen to open the quiz on germs and hygiene. Each partner should take turns operating the tutorial. If you encounter any difficulties, consult your group members for assistance. After each partner has a chance to practice, press the ‘Next’ button to continue.” Sometimes, the tutorial also provides visual instructions on how to practice together.
After completing each practice activity	The tutorial asks the students to try again or move on to the next practice.	The tutorial asks the students to restart the activity or try again until each group member has had a turn to practice.
At the end of each tutorial	The students review the lesson goals on their own.	Students review together the lesson goals covered in class. The following instruction is given: “Take the next few minutes to work together to review the following list of goals covered in today’s lesson. Click on the check box next to each goal to confirm that all group members are comfortable that they have mastered it. If anyone has any difficulty, work together to come to a solution and refer to the handout for further clarification.”
At the end of each learning goal in module 9	The students are reminded not to compare notes with anyone else.	In module 9, after students have accomplished each learning goal, they are asked to compare notes with their peers.