Table 3.
Adjusted rates and risk differences for adverse inpatient outcomes according to statin intensity, Northwestern Medical Group, March 2020-September 2022
| Outcome | Estimated Rate per 100 admitted Patients (95% CI) | Risk Difference (vs non-user) (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Adjusting Baseline covariates only | ||||
| Composite | ||||
| Non-user | 18.84 (18.07, 19.61) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 15.17 (13.34, 17) | − 3.67 (− 5.65, − 1.7)* | ||
| High intensity | 15.96 (13.84, 18.08) | − 2.88 (− 5.12, − 0.63)* | ||
| ICU admission | ||||
| Non-user | 17.89 (17.14, 18.64) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 14.09 (12.32, 15.87) | − 3.8 (− 5.72, − 1.87)* | ||
| High intensity | 15.5 (13.42, 17.58) | − 2.39 (− 4.6, − 0.18)* | ||
| Intubation | ||||
| Non-user | 7.76 (7.24, 8.27) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 6.02 (4.73, 7.31) | − 1.74 (− 3.11, − 0.36)* | ||
| High intensity | 5.68 (4.31, 7.06) | − 2.07 (− 3.54, − 0.61)* | ||
| Inpatient Death | ||||
| Non-user | 5.14 (4.71, 5.57) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 4.7 (3.77, 5.62) | − 0.44 (− 1.45, 0.56) | ||
| High intensity | 3.93 (2.95, 4.91) | − 1.21 (− 2.28, − 0.15)* | ||
| B. Adjusting for Baseline and site variables | ||||
| Composite | ||||
| Non-user | 18.83 (18.07, 19.6) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 15.14 (13.35, 16.92) | − 3.7 (− 5.63, − 1.77)* | ||
| High intensity | 15.9 (13.82, 17.98) | − 2.93 (− 5.14, − 0.72)* | ||
| ICU admission | ||||
| Non-user | 17.88 (17.13, 18.63) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 14.23 (12.49, 15.97) | − 3.65 (− 5.53, − 1.76)* | ||
| High intensity | 15.67 (13.58, 17.77) | − 2.21 (− 4.43, 0.02) | ||
| Intubation | ||||
| Non-user | 7.71 (7.2, 8.21) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 6.06 (4.79, 7.33) | − 1.65 (− 3.01, − 0.28)* | ||
| High intensity | 5.68 (4.34, 7.03) | − 2.02 (− 3.46, − 0.59)* | ||
| Inpatient Death | ||||
| Non-user | 5.11 (4.69, 5.54) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 4.79 (3.84, 5.74) | − 0.33 (− 1.36, 0.7) | ||
| High intensity | 3.87 (2.93, 4.82) | − 1.24 (− 2.27, − 0.21)* | ||
| C. Adjusting for Baseline, site, and clinical variables | ||||
| Composite | ||||
| Non-user | 18.64 (17.89, 19.39) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 15.53 (13.72, 17.34) | − 3.11 (− 5.05, − 1.17)* | ||
| High intensity | 16.01 (14, 18.03) | − 2.62 (− 4.75, − 0.5)* | ||
| ICU admission | ||||
| Non-user | 17.88 (17.13, 18.62) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 14.13 (12.39, 15.88) | − 3.74 (− 5.63, − 1.85)* | ||
| High intensity | 15.47 (13.4, 17.54) | − 2.4 (− 4.59, − 0.22)* | ||
| Intubation | ||||
| Non-user | 7.71 (7.2, 8.22) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 6.21 (4.88, 7.53) | − 1.5 (− 2.91, − 0.09)* | ||
| High intensity | 5.65 (4.31, 6.98) | − 2.06 (− 3.49, − 0.64)* | ||
| Inpatient Death | ||||
| Non-user | 5.09 (4.66, 5.51) | NA | ||
| Low-moderate intensity | 4.82 (3.88, 5.77) | − 0.26 (− 1.29, 0.76) | ||
| High intensity | 3.88 (2.95, 4.82) | − 1.2 (− 2.22, − 0.19)* | ||
CI – confidence interval *—95% CI lies on the same side of null (zero) suggesting significant difference between the two groups. High intensity statin was defined as atorvastatin ≥ 40 mg or rosuvastatin ≥ 20 mg. Any other prescription was considered low-to-moderate intensity. Assessment was based on the prescription closest to 30 days before the admission of interest. Sample size for each group are as follows: 11,112 non-users, 2657 low-to-moderate intensity users, and 1755 high intensity users. Baseline covariates include age, gender, body mass index (BMI) 25 or higher (binary), race, Hispanic ethnicity, county of residence, co-morbidities (asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease), and month of admission. Site variables are dummies for hospital facility and clinical variables include baseline measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation