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. 2023 Feb 3;9(2):228–238. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01256

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The fibrinopeptide A (FPA) family of biomarkers. Cartoon depiction (top left image) of the cleavage of the 16 amino acid N-terminal peptide (red oblong) from fibrinogen (represented by the blue lines and shapes) by thrombin (green arrows) to release FPA during thrombogenesis. FPA exists in several forms in blood, unphosphorylated (red) and phosphorylated (blue), and as a series of sequential N-terminal amino acid cleavage products produced by enzymatic degradation (FPA1–6), with FPA3 (yellow) and FPA6 (green) shown above. Illustrations created with BioRender.com.