TABLE 1.
Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 28 ± 5 |
| Gestational age, d | 279 ± 10 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2a | 25 ± 4 |
| Active second stage, min | 35 ± 20 |
| Birthweight, g | 3471 ± 472 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 35 ± 2 |
| Apgar ≤7 at 5 min | 16 (0.02) |
| pH: umbilical artery | 7.27 ± 0.1 |
| pH: umbilical vein | 7.33 ± 0.1 |
| Presentation | |
| Occiput anterior | 652 (96) |
| Occiput posterior | 24 (3.5) |
| Breech | 2 |
| Other | 1 |
| Induction of labor | 117 (17) |
| Epidural analgesia | 446 (66) |
| Use of oxytocin | 464 (68) |
| Use of episiotomy | 153 (23) |
| Mode of delivery | |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 605 (89) |
| Operative delivery | 75 (11) |
| Obstetric anal sphincter injury | 34 (5) |
| Second degree tear | 264 (39) |
| First degree tear | 113 (17) |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD or as n (%).