Table 4.

Summary of the research on MPNs for cancer immunotherapy

Type	Diameter	Metal	Phenolic ligands	Payloads	Administration route	Tumor model	Ref.
Vaccine	90 nm	Fe3+	Catechol‐terminated eight‐arm PEG (CPEG)	PMSN@OVA	s.c.	E.G7‐OVA	[140]
CT	100–200 nm	Fe3+	TA	Carfilzomib, albumin	i.t.	B16F10, CT26	[141]
CT	80 nm	Pt2+, Fe3+	TA	–	i.v.	CT26	[142]
CDT	60–100 nm	Fe3+	Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), 5‐hydroxydopamine modified platinum(IV) prodrug (Pt—OH), PEG‐b‐PPOH	–	i.v.	HepG2	[143]
CDT	28 nm	Fe3+	PEG–polyphenols	DOX, MnO2	i.v.	B16F10	[144]
CDT	45 nm	Fe3+	TA	DOX, fibronectin	i.v.	B16	[145]
RT/RDT	30 nm	Hf4+	Ce6–PEG–polyphenols	Hemoglobin	i.v.	4T1	[146]
RT	21 nm	Hf4+	Ce6–PEG–polyphenols	Atovaquone, sabutoclax	i.v.	4T1	[147]
RT	82 nm	Hf4+	Polyphenolic semiconductor polymer	PEG–DTC, PLX	i.v.	4T1	[148]
RT	7 nm	Mn2+, NaGdF4:Nd@NaLuF4	PEG–polyphenols	–	i.v.	4T1	[149]
PTT	194 nm	Fe3+	Gallic acid (GA)	BSA, OVA, or HSA	i.v.	4T1	[150]
PTT	80 nm	VO2+	TA	Silk sericin	i.t.	B16F10	[151]
PTT	149–168 nm	Mn2+, Fe3+	TA	PD‐L1 inhibiting DNAzyme	i.v.	B16F10	[152]
PTT	80 nm	Fe3+	Phenolic semiconductor polymer, PEG–semiconductor polymer	GW4869	i.v.	B16F10	[153]
PTT	100–200 nm	Fe3+	pTA	PLGA	i.t.	4T1	[154]
PDT	32 nm	Fe2+	Gossypol, PEG–Ce6	–	i.v.	4T1	[155]
SDT	68 nm	Mn2+	PEG‐b‐Pho, PEG‐b‐IR	Sabutoclax	i.v.	4T1	[156]
IRE	40 nm	Mn2+	TA	CpG–ODN	i.t.	CT26	[157]