Table 5.
Results of meta-analyses excluding and including results from preprints, by mortality outcome
| Drug treatment duration | Meta-analyses excluding unpublished preprints | Meta-analyses including all preprints | ||||
| No of studies (participants) | Risk difference with standard care/placebo (95% CI; per 1000 people) | GRADE assessment for certainty of evidence | No of studies (participants) | Risk difference with standard care/placebo (95% CI; per 1000 people) | GRADE assessment for certainty of evidence | |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Corticosteroids | ||||||
| 1 month | 1 (6425) | 14.3 fewer (24.7 fewer to 2.6 fewer) | Moderate | 2 (6489) | 14.3 fewer (24.7 fewer to 2.6 fewer) | Moderate |
| 3 months | 5 (7667) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate | 6 (7731) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate |
| 6 months | 5 (7667) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate | 6 (7731) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate |
| Current | 10 (7959) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate | 10 (7959) | 13 fewer (22.1 fewer to 3.9 fewer) | Moderate |
| Remdesivir | ||||||
| 1 month | 2 (1298) | 27.3 fewer (53.3 fewer to 6.5 more) | Moderate | 2 (1298) | 27.3 fewer (53.3 fewer to 6.5 more) | Moderate |
| 3 months | 2 (1298) | 27.3 fewer (53.3 fewer to 6.5 more) | Moderate | 2 (1298) | 27.3 fewer (53.3 fewer to 6.5 more) | Moderate |
| 6 months | 3 (1882) | 28.6 fewer (53.3 fewer to 5.2 more) | Moderate | 4 (7333) | 13 fewer (35.1 fewer to 14.3 more) | Low |
| Current | 5 (7415) | 11.7 fewer (32.5 fewer to 14.3 more) | Low | 6 (8247) | 10.4 fewer (27.3 fewer to 9.1 more) | Moderate |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir | ||||||
| 1 month | 1 (199) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low | 2 (250) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low |
| 3 months | 2 (250) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low | 2 (250) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low |
| 6 months | 2 (250) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low | 2 (250) | 29.9 fewer (71.5 fewer to 39 more) | Very low |
| Current | 7 (9427) | 5.20 more (6.5 fewer to 18.2 more) | Very low | 7 (9427) | 5.20 more (6.5 fewer to 18.2 more) | Very low |
| (Hydroxy)chloroquine | ||||||
| 1 month | 1 (30) | NA | NA | 1 (30) | NA | NA |
| 3 months | 1 (30) | NA | NA | 2 (180) | NA | NA |
| 6 months | 5 (1287) | 20.8 more (54.6 fewer to 174.2 more) | Very low | 9 (6135) | 10.4 more (2.60 fewer to 24.7 more) | Low |
| Current | 19 (10634) | 11.7 more (0 fewer to 24.7 more) | Low | 23 (10997) | 9.10 more (2.60 fewer to 22.1 more) | Low |
| Ivermectin | ||||||
| 1 month | 0 (0) | NA | NA | 1 (180) | 106.6 fewer (122.2 fewer to 65 fewer) | Very low |
| 3 months | 0 (0) | NA | NA | 4 (517) | 87.1 fewer (118.3 fewer to 22.1 more) | Very low |
| 6 months | 1 (398) | 87.1 fewer (128.7 fewer to 916.5 more) | Very low | 6 (1169) | 85.8 fewer (115.7 fewer to 0 fewer) | Low |
| Current | 5 (1220) | 36.4 fewer (93.6 fewer to 110.5 more) | Very low | 9 (1879) | 63.7 fewer (100.1 fewer to 16.9 more) | Very low |
| Interleukin 6 receptor blockers | ||||||
| 1 month | 0 (0) | NA | NA | 1 (97) | 20.8 fewer (70.2 fewer to 66.3 more) | Very low |
| 3 months | 2 (26) | 91 fewer (124.8 fewer to 165.1 more) | Very low | 4 (435) | 15.6 fewer (54.6 fewer to 41.6 more) | Very low |
| 6 months | 6 (1292) | 23.4 fewer (42.9 fewer to 0 fewer) | Low | 7 (5408) | 22.1 fewer (31.2 fewer to 13 fewer) | Moderate |
| Current | 8 (5457) | 22.1 fewer (31.2 fewer to 13 fewer) | Moderate | 11 (6303) | 22.1 fewer (31.2 fewer to 13 fewer) | Moderate |
| Convalescent plasma | ||||||
| 1 month | 1 (101) | 45.5 fewer (92.3 fewer to 59.8 more) | Very low | 2 (187) | 52 fewer (87.1 fewer to 13 more) | Very low |
| 3 months | 1 (101) | 45.5 fewer (92.3 fewer to 59.8 more) | Very low | 4 (428) | 57.2 fewer (88.4 fewer to 3.90 fewer) | Very low |
| 6 months | 3 (898) | 6.5 fewer (41.6 fewer to 42.9 more) | Very low | 7 (1185) | 22.1 fewer (48.1 fewer to 14.3 more) | Very low |
| Current | 9 (12962) | 2.60 fewer (10.4 fewer to 6.5 more) | Moderate | 14 (16073) | 2.60 fewer (9.10 fewer to 3.90 more) | Moderate |
| (Hydroxy)chloroquine (prophylaxis) | ||||||
| 1 month | 1 (744) | NA | NA | 1 (744) | NA | NA |
| 3 months | 1 (744) | NA | NA | 2 (3151) | 0.8 fewer (2.3 fewer to 3.7 more) | High |
| 6 months | 4 (8569) | 0.8 fewer (2 fewer to 3.7 more) | High | 4 (8569) | 0.8 fewer (2 fewer to 3.7 more) | High |
| Current | 4 (8569) | 0.8 fewer (2 fewer to 3.7 more) | High | 4 (8569) | 0.8 fewer (2 fewer to 3.7 more) | High |
GRADE=grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation; NA=not available.