Table 2.
All registered symptoms.
| Symptoms | All (n = 165) | p-value | ICU (n = 47) | p-value | Non-ICU (n = 118) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain I—Visual symptoms | ||||||
| Photophobia | 57 (35%) 2 (2–3) | 0.13 | 14 (30%) 2 (2–4) | 0.17 | 43 (37%) 2 (2–3) | 0.33 |
| Difficulty or discomfort when altering focus | 23 (14%) 3 (2–4) | 0.51 | 8 (17%) 3 (2–3) | 0.81 | 15 (13%) 3 (3–4) | 0.53 |
| Blurred vision/double vision | 40 (24%) 3 (2–3) | 0.41 | 11 (23%) 3 (2–3) | 0.92 | 29 (25%) 3 (2–3) | 0.27 |
| Difficulty reading | 45 (27%) 3 (2–4) | 0.91 | 8 (17%) 3 (2–4) | 0.96 | 35 (30%) 3 (2–4) | 0.91 |
| Difficulty watching fast moving objects such as TV | 29 (18%) 3 (2–3) | 0.95 | 8 (17%) 3 (2–3) | 0.75 | 21 (18%) 3 (2–3) | 0.92 |
| Sensitivity to visual motion in busy environments | 56 (34%) 3 (2–3) | 0.86 | 17 (36%) 3 (2–4) | 0.21 | 39 (33%) 3 (2–3) | 0.34 |
| Headache | 51 (31%) 3 (2–4) | 0.08 | 12 (26%) 2 (2–3) | 0.34 | 39 (33%) 3 (2–4) | 0.16 |
| Domain II—Sensorimotor symptoms | ||||||
| Weakness/fatigability in arms/legs | 96 (58%) 3 (2–4) | ≤0.001 | 28 (60%) 3 (2–3) | ≤0.001 | 68 (58%) 3 (2–4) | 0.01 |
| Difficulty walking >1 km | 55 (33%) 3 (3–4) | 0.002 | 10 (21%) 3 (3–4) | 0.001 | 45 (38%) 3 (3–4) | 0.08 |
| Difficulty being physically active | 103 (62%) 3 (2–4) | ≤0.001 | 28 (60%) 3 (2–4) | ≤0.001 | 75 (64%) 3 (3–4) | 0.02 |
| Muscular soreness/discomfort | 93 (56%) 3 (2–3) | 0.38 | 31 (66%) 3 (2–4) | 0.71 | 62 (53%) 3 (2–3) | 0.24 |
| Difficulty driving a car/using public transport | 22 (13%) 3 (2–4) | 0.10 | 5 (11%) 3 (2–3) | 0.006 | 17 (14%) 3 (2–4) | 0.96 |
| Altered bodily sensations | 50 (30%) 2 (2–3) | 0.32 | 18 (38%) 3 (2–3) | 0.05 | 32 (27%) 2 (2–3) | 0.91 |
| Difficulties performing personal hygiene or dressing | 22 (13%) 3 (2–4) | 0.32 | 4 (9%) 3 (3–3) | 0.03 | 18 (15%) 3 (2–4) | 0.81 |
| Domain III—Cognitive symptoms | ||||||
| Difficulty remembering | 99 (60%) 3 (2–4) | 0.88 | 19 (40%) 3 (2–3) | 0.17 | 80 (68%) 3 (2–4) | 0.57 |
| Word finding difficulties | 80 (48%) 3 (2–3) | 0.43 | 20 (43%) 3 (2–3) | 0.40 | 60 (51%) 3 (2–3) | 0.71 |
| Mental Slowness | 64 (39%) 3 (2–4) | 0.02 | 13 (28%) 3 (2–3) | 0.08 | 51 (43%) 3 (2–4) | 0.10 |
| Difficulty multitasking | 63 (38%) 3 (2–4) | 0.36 | 15 (32%) 3 (2–3) | 0.37 | 48 (41%) 3 (2–4) | 0.65 |
| Difficulty concentrating | 78 (47%) 3 (2–4) | 0.01 | 16 (34%) 3 (2–3) | 0.05 | 62 (53%) 3 (2–4) | 0.06 |
| Difficulty expressing thoughts when speaking | 62 (38%) 3 (2–3) | 0.90 | 17 (36%) 3 (2–3) | 0.96 | 45 (38%) 3 (2–3) | 0.91 |
| Difficulty participating in social activities | 64 (39%) 3 (2–3) | 0.31 | 17 (36%) 3 (2–3) | 0.80 | 47 (40%) 3 (3-3) | 0.22 |
| Increased sleep (>2 h difference) | 17 (10%) 3 (2–3) | 0.004 | 1 (2%) 3 (3–3) | 0.03 | 16 (14%) 3 (2–3) | 0.03 |
| Domain IV—Affective symptoms | ||||||
| Feeling anxious | 62 (38%) 3 (2–4) | 0.05 | 19 (40%) 3 (2–3) | 0.24 | 43 (36%) 3 (2–4) | 0.11 |
| Feeling low/depressed | 66 (40%) 3 (2–4) | 0.38 | 18 (38%) 3 (2–4) | 0.97 | 48 (41%) 3 (2–4) | 0.30 |
| Domain V—Dysphagia | ||||||
| Difficulty swallowing | 34 (21%) 3 (2–3) | 0.30 | 9 (19%) 2 (1–3) | 0.96 | 25 (21%) 3 (2–3) | 0.31 |
| Domain VI—Voice/language abnormalities | ||||||
| Dysphonia | 54 (33%) 3 (2–3) | 0.53 | 11 (23%) 3 (2–3) | 0.11 | 43 (36%) 3 (2–3) | 0.89 |
| Dysarthria | 25 (15%) 3 (2–3) | 0.91 | 6 (13%) 3 (2–4) | 0.32 | 19 (16%)2 (2–3) | 0.52 |
| Difficulty understanding speech | 26 (16%) 3 (2–3) | 0.22 | 4 (9%) 2 (2–3) | 0.03 | 22 (19%) 3 (2–3) | 0.89 |
| Domain VII—Fatigue | ||||||
| Sleep less (>2 h difference) | 44 (27%) 3 (2–4) | 0.08 | 13 (28%)1 (1-1) | 0.65 | 27 (23%)3 (3–4) | 0.07 |
| Stress sensitivity/irritability | 90 (55%) 3 (2–4) | 0.46 | 27 (57%) 3 (2–4) | 0.44 | 63 (53%) 3 (2–4) | 0.19 |
| Phonophobia | 65 (39%) 3 (2–4) | 0.96 | 17 (36%) 3 (3-3) | 0.87 | 48 (41%) 3 (2–4) | 0.85 |
| Mental fatigue | 108 (65%) 3 (2–4) | ≤0.001 | 32 (68%) 3 (2–3) | 0.01 | 76 (64%) 3 (2–4) | ≤0.001 |
| Symptoms not included in domains | ||||||
| Difficulty managing work/studies | 35 (32%) 3 (2–4) | 0.001 | 8 (17%) 3 (2–4) | 0.02 | 27 (23%) 3 (3–4) | 0.02 |
| Experienced falls after discharge | 20 (12%) 3 (2–4) | 0.61 | 7 (15%) 3 (2–4) | 0.27 | 13 (11%) 3 (2–4) | 0.89 |
| Hearing deterioration | 43 (26%) 3 (2–4) | 0.08 | 11 (23%) 3 (2–4) | 0.03 | 32 (27%) 3 (2–4) | 0.43 |
| Altered smell/taste | 59 (36%) 3 (2–4) | 0.09 | 10 (21%) 2 (1–3) | 0.14 | 49 (42%) 3 (2–4) | 0.23 |
| Dizziness | 50 (30%) 3 (2–3) | 0.20 | 14 (30%) 2 (2–3) | 0.55 | 36 (31%) 3 (2–3) | 0.07 |
The prevalence of symptoms is presented as n (%). The degree to which the symptoms affected daily life was graded from 1 to 5 (1: no impact; 2: minor impact; 3: moderate impact; 4: high impact; 5: very high impact) and is presented as median (IQR). The p-values refer to paired comparisons made between the 4-month and 24-month follow-up. All significant findings are in bold and were due to improvements at the individual level from the 4-month follow-up.