Table 1.
Case characteristics
| Total (%) | |
|---|---|
| n = 23 | |
| Gender (female) | 13 (56.5) |
| Age | |
| < 30 | 1 (4.3) |
| 30–39 | 18 (78.3) |
| 40–49 | 3 (13.0) |
| 50–59 | 1 (4.3) |
| Race | |
| Black/African-American | 1 (4.3) |
| White | 22 (95.7) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 23 (100.0) |
| Insurance type | |
| Medicaida | 21 (91.3) |
| Private | 1 (4.3) |
| Uninsured | 1 (4.3) |
| Unstably housed within the past year | 14 (60.9) |
| Mental health diagnosis | |
| ADHD | 1 (4.3) |
| Bipolar disorder | 4 (17.4) |
| Depression and anxiety disorders | 12 (52.2) |
| PTSD | 3 (13.0) |
| Other | 1 (4.3) |
| Medical Co-morbidities | |
| Chronic HCV (untreated) | 14 (60.9) |
| HIV | 1 (4.3) |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (4.3) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (4.3) |
| Substance use disorder diagnosis other than OUDb | |
| Alcohol | 5 (21.7) |
| Benzodiazepines | 14 (60.9) |
| Cocaine | 17 (73.9) |
| Methamphetamine | 5 (21.7) |
| Cannabis | 2 (8.7) |
| Tobacco/Nicotine | 18 (78.3) |
| Daily opioid use | |
| ≤ 14 bags (1 bundle) “dope” | 9 (39.1) |
| 15—28 bags (1–2 bundles) “dope” | 7 (30.4) |
| > 28 bags (> 2 bundles) “dope” | 7 (30.4) |
| Intravenous opioid use | 21 (91.3) |
| Xylazine (“tranq”) use | 8 (34.8) |
| Urine drug test resultsb | |
| Fentanyl | 19 (82.6) |
| Morphine/Codeine | 1 (4.3) |
| Methadone | 5 (21.7) |
| Benzodiazepines | 5 (21.7) |
| Amphetamines | 4 (17.4) |
| Hospital admissions (past 12 mo) | |
| 0 | 6 (26.1) |
| 1–3 | 12 (52.2) |
| ≥ 4 | 5 (21.7) |
| PDD discharges (past 12 months) | |
| 0 | 10 (43.5) |
| 1–3 | 11 (47.8) |
| ≥ 4 | 2 (8.7) |
| ED vists without admission (past 12 mo) | |
| 0 | 11 (47.8) |
| 1–3 | 10 (43.5) |
| ≥ 4 | 2 (8.7) |
| ED visit without admission (past 30 days) | 5 (21.7) |
| Hospital admission (past 30 days) | 11 (47.8) |
| PDD discharge (past 30 days) | 9 (39.1) |
| Acute pain indication (non-exclusive) | |
| Wound | 7 (30.4) |
| Traumatic injury | 1 (4.3) |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 9 (39.1) |
| Other | 6 (26.1) |
| None | 7 (30.4) |
| Enrolled in MOUD on admission | |
| Methadone from OTP | 3 (13.0) |
| Prescribed buprenorphine | 1 (4.3) |
| Not enrolled in MOUD | 19 (82.6) |
| Treated for serious injection-related infectionb | |
| Osteomyelitis/discitis | 6 (26.1) |
| Bacteremia/fungemia | 5 (21.7) |
| Endocarditis | 4 (17.4) |
| Septic arthritis | 3 (13.0) |
| Epidural abscess | 3 (13.0) |
| Empyema | 1 (4.3) |
a Three cases dual-enrolled in medicaid & medicare
b Non-exclusive categories, thus percentages do not add to 100%