Figure 6.

Molecular mechanism diagram of the role of sinomenine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain by regulating prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2)‐mediated the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)–X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) pathway. Sinomenine downregulates the expression of PTGS2 to inactivate the IRE1α–XBP1s signaling pathway, which inhibits microglial cell activation and the release of inflammatory factors, finally alleviating diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; IL, interleukin; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α.