Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable generalised estimating equations for odds ratios of receiving care within residential area using imputed data, Osaka, Japan, 2019–2020.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |
|---|---|---|
| Crude ORs (95% CI) | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | |
| Age at diagnosis | ||
| 15–54 | Reference | Reference |
| 55–64 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) |
| 65–79 | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | 1.32 (1.24 to 1.40) |
| 80–99 | 1.56 (1.47 to 1.66) | 1.68 (1.56 to 1.80) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) |
| Residential areaa | ||
| Osaka City | 8.32 (7.78 to 8.89) | 8.41 (7.86 to 9.00) |
| Toyono (N) | 2.51 (2.34 to 2.69) | 2.34 (2.18 to 2.51) |
| Mishima (NNE) | 1.68 (1.56 to 1.81) | 1.66 (1.54 to 1.80) |
| Kita-Kawachi (NE) | 1.94 (1.81 to 2.07) | 1.97 (1.84 to 2.11) |
| Naka-Kawachi (E) | Reference | Reference |
| Minami-Kawachi (SE) | 1.75 (1.62 to 1.88) | 1.78 (1.65 to 1.91) |
| Sakai (S) | 1.96 (1.83 to 2.10) | 2.00 (1.86 to 2.14) |
| Senshu (SW) | 3.65 (3.39 to 3.94) | 3.41 (2.92 to 3.40) |
| Period defined by DSEb | ||
| Before DSE | Reference | Reference |
| After DSE | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07) |
| Cancer site | ||
| Stomach | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.94) |
| Colorectum | Reference | Reference |
| Lung | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.92) |
| Breast | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.04) | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.19) |
| Cervix | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) |
| Oesophagus | 0.73 (0.70 to 0.77) | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.76) |
| Liver | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.90) |
| Pancreas | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.93) | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) |
| UICC clinical stage (imputed) | ||
| 0/I | Reference | Reference |
| II/III | 1.10 (1.07 to 1.12) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.12) |
| IV | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.18) | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.21) |
| Type of hospital | ||
| Prefectural DCCH | Reference | Reference |
| National DCCH | 0.49 (0.47 to 0.51) | 0.59 (0.56 to 0.61) |
| Routes to diagnosis (imputed) | ||
| Screen-detected | Reference | - |
| Other routes | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.06) | - |
| Routes to hospital | ||
| No referral or other routes | Reference | Reference |
| Referral | 0.58 (0.55 to 0.61) | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.61) |
| Established patient | 0.62 (0.59 to 0.65) | 0.60 (0.56 to 0.64) |
| Type of first treatmentc | ||
| Diagnosis, monitoring or palliative care only | 1.29 (1.23 to 1.35) | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) |
| Endoscopic treatment | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.97) | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) |
| Surgery | Reference | Reference |
| Chemo- or hormone therapy | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.98) | 0.95 (0.90 to 0.99) |
| Radiotherapy or other treatments only | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) |
Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; DCCH, designated cancer care hospital; DSE, declaration of state of emergency; NA, not applicable; ORs, odds ratios; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.
Because routes to diagnosis were not considered to be associated with the outcome, it was excluded from the multivariable analysis.
Upper case letters in brackets after the area names represent directions from Osaka City.
Before DSE is defined as 1 January 2019 to 6 April 2020 and after DSE as 7 April 2020 to 31 December 2020.
Other treatments only include locoregional therapy for liver cancer (e.g., radiofrequency ablation and chemoembolisation), photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy was included in radiotherapy.