Table 1.
Comparison of demographics and clinical characteristics among the PD-A, PD-NA and HC groups.
| PD-A (n = 16) | PD-NA (n = 23) | HC (n = 26) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 6/10 | 15/8 | 14/12 | 0.233a |
| Age (years) | 66.94 ± 7.22 | 63.17 ± 8.54 | 62.15 ± 8.94 | 0.205b |
| Education (years) | 10.53 ± 2.17 | 10.50 ± 3.06 | 10.54 ± 4.14 | 0.898c |
| LEDD (mg) | 438.28 ± 51.54 | 328.26 ± 121.67 | NA | 0.068d |
| Disease duration (years) | 5.91 ± 3.52 | 3.17 ± 2.22 | NA | 0.011d,* |
| H&Y | 2.31 ± 0.75 | 1.91 ± 0.73 | NA | 0.106d |
| UPDRS-III | 26.00 ± 12.61 | 22.04 ± 12.03 | NA | 0.328d |
| FOGQ | 5.88 ± 7.65 | 2.21 ± 4.34 | NA | 0.098d |
| HAMA | 19.06 ± 4.96 | 6.04 ± 2.57 | 5.00 ± 2.06 | <0.001b,* |
| HAMD | 12.31 ± 5.29 | 4.61 ± 3.07 | 4.23 ± 2.12 | <0.001b,* |
| MMSE | 28.69 ± 1.38 | 28.83 ± 1.11 | 29.12 ± 0.86 | 0.634c |
| FAB | 17.13 ± 1.26 | 17.35 ± 0.71 | 17.65 ± 0.56 | 0.243c |
| TIV (ml) | 1436.36 ± 204.48 | 1493.79 ± 171.91 | 1427.32 ± 141.23 | 0.361c |
PD-A, Parkinson’s disease with anxiety; PD-NA, Parkinson’s disease without anxiety; HC, healthy controls; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; H&Y, Hoehn & Yahr scales; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; FOGQ, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; TIV, total intracranial volume; NA, not applicable. achi-square test. bone-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). ckruskal-Wallis test. dtwo-sample t test. *represents a significant difference between the PD-A and both the PD-NA and HC groups (p < 0.05, corrected by Bonferroni) but not between the PD-NA and HC groups.