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. 2023 Feb 24;78:102368. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102368

Table 5.

Proposed minimal reporting on sensitivity to unobserved confounders (based on Model 8 in Table 3).

Outcome: Growth rate of ICRG Civil Disorder risk (202–21)
Treatment Est. S.E. t-value R2Y ∼ D|X RV RVa = 0.05
COVID_death 3.2709 0.8719 3.7513 12.12% 30.88% 15.96%

df = 102, Bound (Z as strong as inflation and income per capita): R2Y ∼Z|D,X = 3.88% (for inflation) and 14.19% (for log GDP per capita) and, R2D∼Z|X = 0.13% (for inflation) and 9.36% (for log of GDP per capita).