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Predicted mean (95% CI) QBA ‘Stressed/Anxious’ and ‘Interactive’ component scores for each 5 min interval when dogs were left alone with one of four enrichments for 20 min. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatment groups within each time interval. Three asterisks indicate significance at p < 0.001, two asterisks indicate significance at p < 0.01, and one asterisk indicates significance at p < 0.05.
