Table 2.

Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) used to measure dog behavior at 5 min intervals during test sessions.

Term	Definition
Anxious	Worried, unable to settle or cope with the environment, apprehensive
Alert	Vigilant, inquisitive, on guard [26]
Bored	Disinterested, passive, showing suboptimal arousal levels/drowsiness signs [26]
Comfortable	Without worries, settled in the environment, peaceful with external stimuli [26] *
Curious	Actively interested in people or things, explorative, inquiring in a positive relaxed manner [26]
Depressed	Dull, sad demeanor; disengaged from and unresponsive to the environment, quiet, apathetic [26]
Excited	Positively agitated in response to external stimuli, euphoric, exuberant, thrilled [26]
Explorative	Confident in exploring the environment or new stimuli, investigative
Fearful	Timid, scared, shows postures typical of fear [26] *
Hesitant	Unsure, doubtful, shows conflicting behavior, uncertain whether to approach or trust a stimulus [26] *
Interested	Attentive, attracted to stimuli and attempts to approach them [26]
Nervous	Uneasy, agitated, shows fast arousal, unsettled, restless, hyperactive [26]
Playful	Cheerful, high spirits, fun, shows play-related behavior [26] *
Reactive	Responsive to external stimuli [26]
Relaxed	Easy-going, calm with no visual evidence of tension in the body [26] *
Stressed	Tense, shows signs of distress [26]
Calm	Absence of strong positive/negative emotions
Engaged	Actively focused on a specific object or task, attempts to interact with object
Frustrated	Annoyed, irritable, restless, unable to obtain what it wants, impatient
Lethargic	Sluggish, inactive, unresponsive, or slow to respond to external stimuli
Restless	Unable to rest or relax
Sad	Unhappy, downcast
Tense	Stiff, rigid posture, on edge
Uncomfortable	Uneasy, nervous, tense, restless

* definition modified from original source.