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Schematic representation of intestinal uptakes of oligopeptides, glucose, sodium, and monomeric amino acids via four transport systems: PepT-1, NHE, SGLT-1, and Na+-dependent amino acid transporters. Adapted in part from Spanier [116]. Note: digesta pH along the small intestine influences the integrity of binary protein–phytate complexes and the pepsin-mediated conversion of polypeptides to oligopeptides plus the functionality of the related transport systems of PepT-1 and NHE.
