Table 4.
Diagnostic performance of different indices for diagnosing MAFLD in different subgroups
| Indices | ROC (95% CI) | SEN | SPE | PPV | NPV | Cut-off value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age <60 | ||||||
| FLI | 0.858 (0.837–0.878) | 0.892 | 0.672 | 0.510 | 0.942 | 41.50 |
| FSI | 0.853 (0.832–0.874) | 0.775 | 0.770 | 0.564 | 0.899 | 21.25 |
| ZJU | 0.843 (0.822–0.865) | 0.917 | 0.636 | 0.492 | 0.952 | 37.97 |
| LAP | 0.845 (0.823–0.867) | 0.806 | 0.754 | 0.557 | 0.910 | 36.72 |
| HSI | 0.832 (0.810–0.855) | 0.836 | 0.691 | 0.509 | 0.917 | 37.74 |
| VAI | 0.767 (0.739–0.795) | 0.669 | 0.768 | 0.525 | 0.858 | 1.47 |
| Age ≥60 | ||||||
| FLI | 0.791 (0.754–0.827) | 0.777 | 0.658 | 0.605 | 0.814 | 58.04 |
| FSI | 0.777 (0.739–0.815) | 0.677 | 0.770 | 0.665 | 0.779 | 32.47 |
| ZJU | 0.783 (0.746–0.821) | 0.856 | 0.593 | 0.587 | 0.859 | 39.14 |
| LAP | 0.768 (0.730–0.807) | 0.677 | 0.729 | 0.628 | 0.769 | 51.00 |
| HSI | 0.778 (0.740–0.817) | 0.782 | 0.676 | 0.620 | 0.821 | 37.88 |
| VAI | 0.690 (0.646–0.733) | 0.616 | 0.699 | 0.580 | 0.729 | 1.61 |
| Male | ||||||
| FLI | 0.845 (0.820–0.870) | 0.812 | 0.721 | 0.606 | 0.879 | 56.93 |
| FSI | 0.849 (0.824–0.875) | 0.783 | 0.754 | 0.627 | 0.868 | 24.18 |
| ZJU | 0.846 (0.820–0.872) | 0.812 | 0.744 | 0.626 | 0.882 | 39.16 |
| LAP | 0.832 (0.805–0.858) | 0.806 | 0.718 | 0.601 | 0.875 | 37.31 |
| HSI | 0.828 (0.800–0.855) | 0.793 | 0.718 | 0.598 | 0.868 | 37.19 |
| VAI | 0.753 (0.721–0.786) | 0.641 | 0.769 | 0.595 | 0.802 | 1.45 |
| Female | ||||||
| FLI | 0.835 (0.810–0.860) | 0.925 | 0.604 | 0.486 | 0.952 | 35.74 |
| FSI | 0.818 (0.791–0.845) | 0.771 | 0.710 | 0.518 | 0.885 | 21.12 |
| ZJU | 0.824 (0.798–0.850) | 0.904 | 0.607 | 0.482 | 0.940 | 39.36 |
| LAP | 0.822 (0.796–0.848) | 0.843 | 0.682 | 0.518 | 0.915 | 36.72 |
| HSI | 0.814 (0.788–0.841) | 0.868 | 0.640 | 0.494 | 0.923 | 37.84 |
| VAI | 0.749 (0.716–0.782) | 0.768 | 0.632 | 0.457 | 0.871 | 1.29 |
| BMI <25 | ||||||
| FLI | 0.870 (0.810–0.931) | 0.781 | 0.840 | 0.216 | 0.986 | 19.82 |
| FSI | 0.837 (0.768–0.905) | 0.844 | 0.714 | 0.142 | 0.988 | 5.69 |
| ZJU | 0.827 (0.743–0.911) | 0.656 | 0.911 | 0.292 | 0.979 | 35.33 |
| LAP | 0.861 (0.788–0.934) | 0.875 | 0.781 | 0.183 | 0.991 | 22.68 |
| HSI | 0.757 (0.667–0.846) | 0.750 | 0.730 | 0.135 | 0.981 | 31.37 |
| VAI | 0.824 (0.735–0.912) | 0.844 | 0.761 | 0.166 | 0.989 | 1.19 |
| BMI ≥25 | ||||||
| FLI | 0.752 (0.725–0.778) | 0.702 | 0.675 | 0.630 | 0.742 | 69.12 |
| FSI | 0.743 (0.716–0.770) | 0.632 | 0.741 | 0.658 | 0.719 | 35.75 |
| ZJU | 0.728 (0.700–0.756) | 0.664 | 0.683 | 0.623 | 0.721 | 43.24 |
| LAP | 0.738 (0.710–0.765) | 0.724 | 0.638 | 0.612 | 0.745 | 46.12 |
| HSI | 0.716 (0.688–0.744) | 0.671 | 0.656 | 0.606 | 0.717 | 41.06 |
| VAI | 0.679 (0.649–0.708) | 0.670 | 0.634 | 0.590 | 0.709 | 1.45 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| FLI | 0.736 (0.683–0.790) | 0.524 | 0.827 | 0.821 | 0.535 | 88.23 |
| FSI | 0.736 (0.682–0.789) | 0.719 | 0.655 | 0.759 | 0.607 | 36.48 |
| ZJU | 0.739 (0.686–0.792) | 0.690 | 0.676 | 0.763 | 0.591 | 44.55 |
| LAP | 0.724 (0.669–0.778) | 0.600 | 0.748 | 0.783 | 0.553 | 69.57 |
| HSI | 0.719 (0.663–0.774) | 0.881 | 0.460 | 0.712 | 0.719 | 38.08 |
| VAI | 0.658 (0.600–0.717) | 0.729 | 0.561 | 0.715 | 0.578 | 1.63 |
| No diabetes | ||||||
| FLI | 0.841 (0.820–0.862) | 0.908 | 0.609 | 0.436 | 0.952 | 35.19 |
| FSI | 0.829 (0.807–0.851) | 0.747 | 0.748 | 0.496 | 0.897 | 21.12 |
| ZJU | 0.820 (0.797–0.842) | 0.807 | 0.708 | 0.480 | 0.917 | 39.17 |
| LAP | 0.824 (0.802–0.846) | 0.792 | 0.731 | 0.495 | 0.913 | 36.74 |
| HSI | 0.812 (0.788–0.835) | 0.768 | 0.721 | 0.479 | 0.903 | 37.85 |
| VAI | 0.727 (0.709–0.765) | 0.704 | 0.670 | 0.416 | 0.872 | 1.22 |
FLI, fatty liver index; FSI, Framingham Steatosis Index; HSI, hepatitis steatosis index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity; VAI, visceral adiposity index; ZJU, Zhejiang University index.