Figure 1.

Itaconate level and Irg1 expression are induced in OVA−induced allergic airway inflammation. (A) Representative images of BALF cells stained with Wright–Giemsa solution. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) The number of total inflammatory cells, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF. (C) The optical density value (OD value) measured at 450 nm represents the level of IgE in serum. (D) The level of Th2 cytokines IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in BALF. (E) Representative blots showing the protein expressions of Th2 cytokines IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung tissues from vehicle and OVA groups. (F) Quantification of the expression of IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung as referencing to GAPDH. (G–J) TCA organic acid metabolomics analysis in vehicle and OVA group. n = 3 per group. (G) Principal component analysis (PCA) in vehicle and OVA group. (H) Heatmap of metabolites obtained by TCA organic acid metabolomics analysis in vehicle and OVA group. (I) Fold change of metabolites in OVA group as compared with vehicle group. (J) The level of itaconate in lung tissue. (K) The mRNA expression of Irg1 in lung tissue. (L) Representative blots showing the protein expressions of Irg1 in lung tissues from vehicle and OVA groups and quantification. Cropped blots are shown, and Supplementary File S2: Figures S1 and S2 present the full-length blots. Data expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6). ** p < 0.01.