Table 4.
Targeting redox metabolism and autophagy in different cancer cells through microRNAs.
| MicroRNAs | Model | Redox Mechanism | Autophagy Modulation |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microRNA (miRNA) 133a-3p | Patient-derived xenograft model and human gastric cancer organoid model | Glutaminolysis | Autophagy-mediated | [102] |
| miRNA-7 | Pancreatic cancer | Reprogrammed metabolic homeostasis | Autophagy modulation | [103] |
| miRNA-26b | Prostate cancer cells | ULK2 is a direct target of miRNA-26b | Autophagy inhibition | [104] |
| miRNA-30d-5p | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Decreased ROS-mediated ubiquitination of cofilin | Autophagy inhibition | [105] |
| miRNA-335-5p | Human osteoarthritis chondrocytes | Anti-inflammatory | Autophagy induction | [106] |
| miRNA-93 | Retinal ganglion cells | AKT/mTOR | Autophagy induction | [114] |
| miRNA-20a-5p | Human hepatocellular cancer cells |
Downregulated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Autophagy modulation | [115] |
| miRNA-494 | Acute myocardial infarction | PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling | Autophagy induction | [108] |
| miRNA-486-5p | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | Modulation of miRNA expression profile | Autophagy induction | [109] |
| miRNA-489 | Breast cancer cells | ROS regulation | Autophagy induction | [110] |
| Long noncoding RNAs | Several cancers | Maintained redox balance | Autophagy modulation | [111] |
| Competing endogenous RNAs | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Ferroptosis-related competing endogenous RNA | Autophagy regulation | [112] |
| miRNA-149-5p networks |
Human cancers | Lipogenesis and vascular endothelial cells | Autophagy modulation | [113] |