Table 4.

Effects of antioxidant therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.

Antioxidant	Biomarker Changes	Survival	ALS	HD	AD	PD
Vitamin E	Increased GPx, reduced 8-OHG and TBARs	Increased	Desnuelle et al., 2001 [268]	-	-	-
Edaravone	Reduced 3NT in CSF	Increased	Yoshino and Kimura, 2006 [289]	-	-	-
Melatonin	Reduced protein carbonyls in serum	Increased	Weishaupt et al., 2006 [278]	-	-	-
Melatonin	Increased 4HNE and SOD	Reduced	Dardiotis et al., 2013 [280]	-	-	-
Melatonin	Increased SOD, GPx and CAT	Increased	-	-	-	Kaya et al., 2013 [290]
N-Acetyl Cysteine	Reduced SOD, increased GPx and GSH	Increased	-	-	-	Sharma et al., 2007 [291]
N-Acetyl Cysteine	Increased GSH	Increased	Andreassen et al., 2000 [272]	-	-	-
Deferrioxamine	Increased GSH and SOD	-	-	-	-	Lan and Jiang, 1997 [249]; Dexter et al., 2011 [250]
Vitamin E+, Vitamin C+, Lipoic acid and CoQ10	Reduced F2 isoprostanes	-	-	-	Galasko et al., 2012 [292]	-
Curcumin	No change in F2 isoprostanes, increased GSH	Increased	-	-	Nishinaka et al., 2007 [233]	-
Melatonin	Reduced protein carbonyls and SOD	Increased	-	Khan et al., 2018 [258]	-	-