Table 3.
Procedural complication and early outcome.
| Before IPTW | After IPTW | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedural Complication and Early Outcome | TF-TAVI n = 802 |
TA-TAVI n = 123 |
SD | p | TF-TAVI n = 802 |
TA-TAVI n = 123 |
SD | p |
| Reposition with snare | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.123 | 1.000 | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.123 | 1.000 |
| Valve in valve | 18 (2%) | 4 (3%) | −0.06 | 0.497 | 18 (2%) | 3 (3%) | −0.029 | 0.753 |
| Valve retrieval | 12 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.174 | 0.385 | 13 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.182 | 0.385 |
| Valve dislocation | 23 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.084 | 0.435 | 24 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.086 | 0.454 |
| Conversion to transapical approach | 3 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.087 | 1.000 | 3 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.084 | 1.000 |
| Cardiac tamponade or rupture | 7 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.007 | 0.947 | 8 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.041 | 0.659 |
| Hemodynamic instability requiring treatment | 29 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 0.069 | 0.509 | 30 (4%) | 2 (1%) | 0.150 | 0.104 |
| Resuscitation | 14 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0.065 | 0.584 | 14 (2%) | 1 (0%) | 0.121 | 0.210 |
| Femoral artery complication | 44 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.341 | 0.002 | 46 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.347 | 0.002 |
| - Stenosis | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.123 | 1.000 | 7 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.128 | 1.000 |
| - Rupture | 2 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.071 | 1.000 | 3 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.085 | 1.000 |
| - Hematoma (>2 units transfusion) | 4 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.100 | 1.000 | 4 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.101 | 1.000 |
| - Stent placed | 11 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.167 | 0.377 | 11 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.168 | 0.377 |
| - Need for vascular surgery | 17 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.208 | 0.150 | 17 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.211 | 0.150 |
| Coronary artery occlusion | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.050 | 1.000 | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.049 | 1.000 |
| Annulus rupture/aortic dissection | 4 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.100 | 1.000 | 5 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.113 | 1.000 |
| Type of femoral artery complication | 1.000 | <0.001 | ||||||
| - dissection | 15 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.19 | 16 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.203 | ||
| - perforation | 13 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.18 | 12 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.176 | ||
| - occlusion | 13 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.18 | 14 (2%) | 0 (0%) | −0.184 | ||
| Aortic valve peak gradient (mmHg)Peak gradient (mmHg) | 15 (15 to 16) | 19 (17 to 21) | 0.705 | 0.003 | 15 (15 to 16) | 19 (17 to 21) | 0.691 | 0.003 |
| Aortic valve mean gradient (mmHg) | 8 (8 to 9) | 11 (9 to 12) | 0.690 | 0.015 | 8 (8 to 9) | 11 (10 to 12) | 0.698 | 0.007 |
| Aortic regurgitation grade postmeasure/discharge | 0.667 | 0.646 | ||||||
| - none | 453 (57%) | 63 (51%) | −0.106 | 454 (57%) | 64 (52%) | −0.089 | ||
| - mild | 327 (41%) | 56 (46%) | 0.096 | 325 (41%) | 57 (46%) | 0.113 | ||
| - moderate | 19 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0.004 | 19 (2%) | 2 (1%) | −0.084 | ||
| - severe | 3 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.057 | 4 (0%) | 0 (0%) | −0.010 | ||
| Intensive care unit – days | 2 (2 to 2) | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.678 | 0.005 | 2 (2 to 2) | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.653 | 0.019 |
| General ward - days | 5 (5 to 6) | 9 (8 to 10) | 0.860 | <0.001 | 5 (5 to 6) | 9 (8 to 10) | 0.877 | <0.001 |
IPTW: inverse probability of treatment weighting; TF-TAVI: transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TA-TAVI: transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation; SD: standard deviation.3.4. 30-Day Follow-Up.