Table 1.

Survival rate of fish species raised in biofloc in fish aquaculture.

Species		Carbon Source	C:N Ratio	Period	Change of Survival Rate	Reference
Freshwater	Oreochromis niloticus	Molasses	15:1	30 days	+	[16]
		Starch			+
		Barley flour			+
		Corn			+
		Molasses	8.4:1	12 weeks	×	[22]
		Rice bran	15:1	10 weeks	×	[28]
		Wheat-milling by-product			×
		Sucrose	>10:1	87 days	×	[25]
		Glucose	15:1	8 weeks	×	[29]
		Wheat flour (200 fish/m3)	15:1	90 days	×	[30]
		Wheat flour (250 fish/m3)			×
		Wheat flour (300 fish/m3)			×
		Wheat flour (350 fish/m3)			×
		Molasses	10:1	14 days	+	[10]
		100% molasses	15:1, 20:1	8 weeks	×	[26]
		100% wheat flour			×
		75% molasses + 25% wheat flour			×
		50% molasses + 50% wheat flour			×
		25% molasses + 75% wheat flour			×
		Molasses	15:1	37 days	+	[17]
		Starch			+
		Barley flour			+
		Corn			+
		Molasses (40 fish/m3)	15:1	112 days	×	[31]
		Molasses (80 fish/m3)			×
	Cyprinus carpio	Sugar (6 kg/m3)	15:1	49 days	×	[32]
		Sugar (12 kg/m3)			×
		Rice bran	20:1	60 days	×	[33]
		Sugarcane molasses			-
		Rice bran + sugarcane molasses			×
		Corn starch	15:1	60 days	×	[34]
	Cyprinus carpio L.	Sugar beet molasses	20:1	70 days	×	[35]
		Sugar			×
		Corn starch			×
		Molasses	20:1	30 days	×	[36]
	Clarias gariepinus	Tapioca (4 fish/L)	10:1	20 days	+	[19]
		Tapioca (6 fish/L)			-
		Tapioca (8 fish/L)			-
		Glycerol	15:1	8 weeks	×	[37]
		Sucrose	15:1	6 weeks	+	[20]
		Glycerol			+
		Rice bran			-
	Carassius auratus	Starch	15:1, 20:1	56 days	×	[27]
	Mugil cephalus	Sucrose	15:1	60 days	+	[21]
	Heteropneustes fossilis	Sugarcane molasses	10:1	120 days	×	[38]
	Lemon fin barb hybrid (Hypsibarbus wetmorei × Barboides gonionotus )	Glycerol	15:1	8 weeks	×	[37]
	Lepomis macrochirus	Corn starch	15:1	32 days	-	[39]
		Sucrose-sugar			-
	Labeo rohita	Wheat flour	10:1	90 days	×	[40]
Seawater	Oreochromis niloticus sp.	Cornmeal + molasses (120 fish/m3)	15:1	7 weeks	×	[13]
		Cornmeal + molasses (240 fish/m3)			×

+, increased, - decreased, and × no change in survival rate.