Table 5.
Direct and indirect effects in multiple mediation models.
| Stressor | Outcome | Mediator | Controlled Direct Effect b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBI a | ISLES a | Vulnerability a | Mortality a | |||
| Job loss or reduction | CAS |
0.24
[0.11, 0.4] |
0.05 [0.00, 0.12] |
0.01 [−0.02, 0.04] |
0.05 [−0.02, 0.13] |
0.07 0.700 |
| Job loss or reduction | POMS |
3.22
[1.44, 5.5] |
0.55 [−0.35, 1.62] |
1.28 [−0.59, 3.25] |
−0.02 [−0.56, 0.48] |
−3.02 0.268 |
| Childcare loss | CAS |
0.16
[0.04, 0.31] |
0.06 [0.00, 0.14] |
0.01 [−0.02, 0.05] |
0.04 [−0.04, 0.13] |
0.19 0.341 |
| Childcare loss | POMS |
2.10
[0.55, 4.18] |
0.58 [−0.43, 1.70] |
1.35 [−0.80, 3.61] |
−0.01 [−0.46, 0.43] |
−0.65 0.828 |
| Economic difficulties | CAS |
0.28
[0.14, 0.45] |
0.05 [0.00, 0.11] |
0.01 [−0.02, 0.06] |
0.06 [−0.01, 0.14] |
0.11 0.544 |
| Economic difficulties | PHQ-4 |
0.24
[0.11, 0.39] |
0.02 [−0.05, 0.08] |
0.17
[0.02, 0.33] |
0.00 [−0.05, 0.04] |
−0.11 0.579 |
| Economic difficulties | GP-CORE |
0.05
[0.02, 0.08] |
0.01 [0.00, 0.03] |
0.02
[0.00, 0.05] |
0.01 [0.00, 0.02] |
−0.02 0.670 |
| Economic difficulties | POMS |
3.61
[1.67, 5.94] |
0.45 [−0.37, 1.43] |
2.16
[0.28, 4.34] |
0.00 [−0.54, 0.52] |
1.38 0.615 |
| Working from home | PHQ-4 | 0.03 [−0.05, 0.13] |
0.00 [−0.02, 0.02] |
0.07 [−0.09, 0.25] |
0.00 [−0.03, 0.03] |
−0.20 0.367 |
| Working from home | POMS | 0.55 [−0.88, 2.18] |
0.04 [−0.30, 0.46] |
0.89 [−1.19, 3.13] |
0.01 [−0.34, 0.38] |
−2.09 0.480 |
| Leaving home to work | POMS |
2.59
[1.00, 4.67] |
0.20 [−0.22, 0.97] |
1.38 [−0.53, 3.51] |
−0.03 [−0.61, 0.47] |
−2.28 0.415 |
| COVID-19 deaths | CAS |
0.08
[0.00, 0.17] |
−0.01 [−0.04, 0.02] |
0.01 [−0.03, 0.05] |
0.10
[0.04, 0.19] |
0.31
0.029 |
Note. Each model included confounders (specified in the main text) besides the stressor, mediator, and outcome variables illustrated here. a bootstrapped estimates and confidence intervals are shown; b multiple regression coefficient and p-value are shown. In bold, the significant effects (CIs do not include 0 or p < 0.05).