Table 1.

Catechin and Antioxidant Studies in Animal Models.

Study Name	Author and Year	Methods	Result
Green tea, black tea, and epigallocatechin modify body composition, improve glucose tolerance, and differentially alter metabolic gene expression in rats fed a high-fat diet [119]	Chen et al., 2009	Rat models were fed a HFD for 6 months and were treated with either: EGCG, GT, BT or water control.	GT, BT, and EGCG all improved glocuse tolerance as compared to the control. GT, BT increased FA oxidation, but not EGCG. Only EGCG upregulated UCP-2 and PPAR- γ genes.
Protective potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against benign prostatic hyperplasia in metabolic syndrome rats [122]	Chen et al., 2016	Rat models were fed a HFD for 12 weeks. Testosterone was injected at 10 mg/kg/d and EGCG was given orally for weeks 9–12	EGCG significantly decreased measured glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, IGFs, and inflammatory cytokines
The major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice [121]	Bose et al., 2008	Mice were fed a HFD and concurrently treated with EGCG supplementation or received no treatment for 16 weeks. Weight gain, percent body fat, and visceral fat were measured.	EGCG treated mice showed decreased insulin resistance, plasma cholesterol, and inflammatory cytokines.
EGCG reduces obesity and white adipose tissue gain partly through AMPK activation in mice [123]	Li et al., 2018	Mouse model: mice were fed a HFD for 20 weeks and 100 mg/kg EGCG was administered intragastrically/d. A control group fed a HFD, but no EGCG was present.	EGCG treatment group showed improved serum lipids, increased excretion of free fatty acids in feces, and decreased adipose tissue.