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Schematic illustration of the superinfection exclusion systems. (1) Phage proteins prevent phage DNA translocation—Imm (T4 phage), SieA (P22 phage), Sim (P1 phage). (2) Prevent phage peptidoglycan layer degradation by inhibiting T4 lysozyme activity (Sp of T4 phage). (3) Phage protein bind to the receptor (e.g., LIp prevents the entry of T5 phage).
