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. 2023 Feb 13;12(2):381. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020381

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Schematic diagram showing the mechanisms of PICI-based assembly interference. (1) Translocation of helper phage genome may activate host protein, which interfere the activation of helper phage early genes that are involving in the early replication cycle; (2) Excised PICI from the PICI harboring genome; (3) Interference with the activation of helper phage late genes; (4) Helper phage packaging interference (Ppi) proteins; (5) Small capsid avoids the packaging of larger-size helper phage genome.